Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:04:21.006Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The occurrence and significance to animal health of salmonellas in sewage and sewage sludges

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

P. W. Jones
Affiliation:
Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
Lynne M. Rennison
Affiliation:
Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
V. H. Lewin
Affiliation:
Thames Water Authority, Vales Division, Oxford
D. L. Redhead
Affiliation:
Thames Water Authority, Vales Division, Oxford
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A total of 882 samples of settled sewage, sewage sludges and final effluents from eight sewage treatment plants were examined for the presence of salmonellas. Of these samples 68% were positive, isolations being made most frequently from settled sewage (85%), raw sludge (87%) and anaerobically digested sludge (96%). Fewer isolations were made from final effluent (24%) and processed sludges (58%). Samples usually contained less than 200 salmonellas/100 ml and arguments are presented that such concentrations should not lead to disease in animals if suitable grazing restrictions are followed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1980

References

REFERENCES

Aitken, , Maureen, M., Jones, P. W., Hall, G. A. & Hughes, D. L. (1976). The effect of fascioliasis on the susceptibility of cattle to Salmonella dublin. British Veterinary Journal 132, 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delage, B. (1961). Survie des salmonelles dans la terre. Archives de l'Institut Pasteur du Maroc 6, 139.Google Scholar
Edwards, P. R. & Ewing, W. H. (1962). Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 2nd edn. Minneapolis, Minn.: Burgess Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Findlay, C. R. (1971). The survival of Salmonella dublin in cattle slurry. Veterinary Record 89, 224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, G. A. & Jones, P. W. (1978). A study of the susceptibility of cattle to oral infection by salmonellas contained in raw sewage sludge. Journal of Hygiene 80, 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, G. A., Jones, P. W. & Aitken, , Maureen, M. (1978). The pathogenesis of experimental intra-ruminal infections of cows with Salmonella dublin. Journal of Comparative Pathology 88, 409.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hess, E. & Breer, C. (1975). Epidemiology of salmonellae and fertilizing grassland with sewage sludge. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infectionskrankheiten und Hygiene (I. Abt. Orig. B) 161, 54.Google Scholar
Jack, E. L. & Hepper, P. T. (1969). An outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infection in cattle associated with the spreading of slurry. Veterinary Record 84, 196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P. W. (1976). The effect of temperature, solids content and pH on the survival of salmonellas in cattle slurry. British Veterinary Journal 132, 284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P. W., Bew, Janice, Burrows, M. R., Matthews, P. R. J. & Collins, P. (1976). The occurrence of salmonellas, mycobacteria and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli in pig slurry. Journal of Hygiene 77, 43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P. W. & Matthews, P. R. J. (1975). Examination of slurry from cattle for pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Hygiene 74, 57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kauffmann, F. (1972). Serological Diagnosis of Salmonella Species. Munksgaard: Scandinavian University Books.Google Scholar
Melick, C. O. (1917). The possibility of typhoid infection through vegetables. Journal of Infectious Diseases 21, 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, F., Konforti, N. & Navon, , Betty, (1956). A new enrichment medium for certain salmonellae. Journal of Clinical Pathology 9, 261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasch, K. & Richter, J. (1956). Endemiologisches um einen bovinen Dauerausscheider von Salmonella heidelberg. Berliner und Münchener tierärztliche Wochenschrift 69, 211.Google Scholar
Rudolfs, W., Falk, L. L. & Ragotskie, R. A. (1950). Literature review on the occurrence and survival of enteric, pathogenic and related organisms in soil, water, sewage and sludges, and on vegetation. I. Bacterial and virus diseases. Sewage and Industrial Wastes 22, 261.Google Scholar
Smith, H. W. (1959). The isolation of salmonellae from the mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats and from other organs of poultry. Journal of Hygiene 57, 266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strauch, D. (1977). Health hazards of agricultural, industrial and municipal wastes applied to land. Proceedings of the 1976 Cornell Agricultural Waste Management Conference (ed. Loehr, R. C.), p. 17. Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc.Google Scholar
Taras, M. J., Greenberg, A. E., Hoak, R. D. & Rand, M. C. (1971). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th edn., p. 676. U.S.A.: American Public Health Association, Washington D.C. 20036.Google Scholar
Taylor, R. J. (1973). A further assessment of the potential hazard for calves allowed to graze pasture contaminated with Salmonella dublin in slurry. British Veterinary Journal 129, 354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, R. J. & Burrows, M. R. (1971). The survival of Escherichia coli and Salmonella dublin in slurry on pasture and the infectivity of S. dublin for grazing calves. British Veterinary Journal 127, 536CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wray, C. (1975). Survival and spread of pathogenic bacteria of veterinary importance within the environment. Veterinary Bulletin 45, 543.Google Scholar