Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:22:14.840Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A norfloxacin dose finding study for selective decontamination of the digestive tract in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

L. A. Van Der Waaij ,
O. Messerschmidt  and
D. Van Der Waaij
L. A. Van Der Waaij
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
O. Messerschmidt
Affiliation:
Technische Universität München, München B.R.D.
D. Van Der Waaij
Affiliation:
Laboratory for Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Five pigs were treated orally with norfloxacin for 5 consecutive days in two well-separated periods. This was done to determine the lowest dose required to free the pigs of Enterobacteriaceae. In the first period of the study, the animals were treated with 400 mg per day while in the second treatment 800 mg norfloxacin was given. Daily faecal culturing indicated that the faeces became free of Enterobacteriaceae in 3–5 days when treated with 400 mg/day, while all animals were found negative on culturing after 3 days of treatment with 800 mg/day. Investigation of the concentration of norfloxacin in the faeces revealed that a substantial fraction of the dose was either absorbed or inactivated by faecal substances. An in vitro study in faeces confirmed that a substantial part, some 75% of the dose, may have been inactivated by intestinal contents. This finding helps to explain the much lower concentration of 120 mg norfloxacin per kg of faeces in the pig in comparison with the almost tenfold higher concentration reported to develop in man during treatment with an identical dose.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 102 , Issue 1 , February 1989 , pp. 93 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1989

References

REFERENCES

Cofsky, R. D., DuBouchet, L. & Landesman, S. L. (1984). Recovery of norfloxacin in feces after administration of a single dose to volunteers. Antimicrobia Agents and Chemotherapy 26, 110–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Welling, G. W. & Van Der Waaij, D. (1985). Norfloxacin for selective decontamination: a study in human volunteers. In Germfree Research: Microflora Control and its Application to the Biomedical Sciences (ed. Wostman, B. S.), pp, 259–262. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc.Google Scholar
Drasar, B. S., Jenkins, D. J. A. & Cimmings, J. H. (1976). The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. Journal of Medical Microbiology 9, 423–431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edlund, CH., Bergan, T., Josefson, K., Solberg, R. & Nord, C. E. (1987). Effect of norfloxacin on human oropharyngeal and colonic microflora and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 19, 113–121.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilfillian, E. C., Pelak, B. A. & Bland, J. A. (1984). Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in laboratory animals. Chemotherapy 30, 288–296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, E. J. C., Citron, D. M. & Corrado, M. L. (1987). Effect of inoculum size in vitro activity of norfloxacin against fecal anaerobic bacteria. The American Journal of Medicine 82 suppl. 6B, 84–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holdeman, L. V., Cato, E. P. & Moore, W. E. C. (1977). Quantitative estimates of anaerobes: direct microscopic and cultural counts. In Anaerobic Laboratory Manual 4th ed, (eds. Holdeman, L. V., Moore, W. E. C.), p. 124. Blacksburg, VA: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Anaerobic Laboratory.Google Scholar
Pecquet, S. S., Andremont, A. O. & Tancrede, C. H. (1985). Selective decontamination of the digestive tract by norfloxacin. A preliminary report. In Germfree Research: Microflora Control. and its Application to the Biomedical Sciences. (ed. Wostmann, B. S.), pp. 255–258. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc.Google Scholar
Sleijfer, D. T., Mulder, N. H., De Vries-Hospers, H. G., Fidler, B., Nieweg, H. O., Van Der Waaij, D. & Van Saene, H. K. F. (1980). Infection prevention in granulocytopenic patients by selective decontamination of the digestive tract. European Journal of Cancer 16, 859–869.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stein, G. E. (1987). Review of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of oral norfloxacin. The American Journal of Medicine 82 (suppl. 6B), 18–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Toorop-Bouma, A. G. & Van Der Waaij, D. (1987). Trimethoprim used for selective decontamination of the digestive tract of rats: possible route of excretion. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 19, 361–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Veringa, E. M. & Van Der Waaij, D. (1984). Biological inactivation by faeces of antimicrobial drugs applicable in selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 14, 605–612.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winston, D. J., Ho, W. G., Champlin, R. E., Karp, J., Bartlett, J., Finley, R. S., Joshi, J. H., Talbot, G., Levitt, L., Deresinski, S. & Corrado, M. (1987). Norfloxacin for prevention of bacterial infections in granulocytopenic patients. The American Journal of Medicine 82 (suppl. 6B), 40–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed