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Nocardia in naturally acquired and experimental infections in animals

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

B. L. Beaman  and
A. M. Sugar
B. L. Beaman
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
A. M. Sugar
Affiliation:
University Hospital E529, Section of Infectious Diseases, 75 East Newton Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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There are three commonly recognized species of Nocardia that cause disease in a large variety of animals including humans. In the United States, pulmonary or systemic nocardiosis in humans caused by N. asteroides is most frequently diagnosed. It should be noted that N. brasiliensis can cause nocardiosis also. In Central and South America mycetomas induced by N. brasiliensis appear to be more prevalent even though N. asteroides can be seen in this type of infection. Sporadic cases of both mycetoma and nocardiosis caused by N. caviae have been reported. These three species of Nocardia appear to be present in the soils of most countries; but N. asteroides is more frequently isolated in the temperate climates whereas N. brasiliensis predominates in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. No specific geographic distribution has been noted with N. caviae. Infections involving these three species of bacteria are, therefore, worldwide in occurrence. Even though nocardial infections in both humans and animals were recognized as early as 1888, traditionally, they have been considered rare in frequency as compared to many other infectious diseases. This is a perception that probably is not accurate. During the past twenty years, greater diagnostic awareness combined with more intensive medical and veterinary surveillance have resulted in significantly increased recognition of disease caused by these aerobic actinomycetes.

Type
Special Feature: Edmond-Isadore-Etienne Nocard
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 91 , Issue 3 , December 1983 , pp. 393 - 419
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

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