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Incidence and molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae associated with cholera outbreak subsequent to the super cyclone in Orissa, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2002

G. P. CHHOTRAY ,
B. B. PAL ,
H. K. KHUNTIA ,
N. R. CHOWDHURY ,
S. CHAKRABORTY ,
S. YAMASAKI ,
T. RAMAMURTHY ,
Y. TAKEDA ,
S. K. BHATTACHARYA  and
G. BALAKRISH NAIR
G. P. CHHOTRAY
Affiliation:
Regional Medical Research Centre (I.C.M.R.), Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751 023, India
B. B. PAL
Affiliation:
Regional Medical Research Centre (I.C.M.R.), Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751 023, India
H. K. KHUNTIA
Affiliation:
Regional Medical Research Centre (I.C.M.R.), Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751 023, India
N. R. CHOWDHURY
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India
S. CHAKRABORTY
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India
S. YAMASAKI
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India Research Institute, International Medical Centre of Japan, Shinjuku-KU, Tokyo, Japan
T. RAMAMURTHY
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India
Y. TAKEDA
Affiliation:
National Institute of Infection Diseases, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
S. K. BHATTACHARYA
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India
G. BALAKRISH NAIR
Affiliation:
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Beliaghata, Calcutta, 700 010, India
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Abstract

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An epidemiological study was carried out to find out the aetiological agent for diarrhoeal disorders in the cyclone and flood affected areas of Orissa, India. Rectal swabs collected from 107 hospitalized diarrhoea patients were bacteriologically analysed to isolate and identify the various enteropathogens. Detection of toxic genes among E. coli and V. cholerae was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Of the 107 rectal swabs analysed, 72·3% were positive for V. cholerae O1 Ogawa, 7·2% for V. cholerae O139, 1·2% for E. coli (EAggEC) and 1·2% for Shigella flexneri type 6. Using multiplex PCR assay it was found that all V. cholerae isolates were ctxA positive and El Tor biotype. Strains of V. cholerae O1 were observed to be resistant to nalidixic acid, furazolidone, streptomycin, co-trimoxazole and ampicillin. Except for nalidixic acid, the resistance pattern for O139 was identical to that of O1 strains. Representative strains of V. cholerae were further characterized by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and ribotyping. Both O1 and O139 V. cholerae strains exhibited the R3 pattern of ribotype and belonged to a similar pattern of RAPD compared with that of Calcutta strains. Early bacteriological and epidemiological investigations have revealed the dominance of V. cholerae O1 among the hospitalized patients in cyclone affected areas of Orissa. Drinking water scarcity and poor sanitation were thought to be responsible for these diarrhoeal outbreaks. Timely reporting and implementation of appropriate control measures could contain a vital epidemic in this area.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 128 , Issue 2 , April 2002 , pp. 131 - 138
Copyright
© 2002 Cambridge University Press