Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T23:09:17.346Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The inactivation of a bovine enterovirus and a bovine parvovirus in cattle manure by anaerobic digestion, heat treatment, gamma irradiation, ensilage and composting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

H. D. Monteith ,
E. E. Shannon  and
J. B. Derbyshire
H. D. Monteith
Affiliation:
Canviro Consultants Ltd, 178 Louisa St, Kitchener, Ontario, CanadaN2H 5M5
E. E. Shannon
Affiliation:
Canviro Consultants Ltd, 178 Louisa St, Kitchener, Ontario, CanadaN2H 5M5
J. B. Derbyshire
Affiliation:
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, CanadaNIG 2W1
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A bovine enterovirus and a bovine parvovirus seeded into liquid cattle manure were rapidly inactivated by anaerobic digestion under thermophilic conditions (55°C), but the same viruses survived for up to 13 and 8 days respectively under mesophilic conditions (35°C). The enterovirus was inactivated in digested liquid manure heated to 70°C for 30 min, but the parvovirus was not inactivated by this treatment. The enterovirus, seeded into single cell protein (the solids recovered by centrifugation of digested liquid manure), was inactivated by a gamma irradiation dose of 1·0 Mrad, but the parvovirus survived this dose. When single cell protein seeded with bovine enterovirus or bovine parvovirus was ensiled with cracked corn, the enterovirus was inactivated after a period of 30 days, while the parvovirus survived for 30 days in one of two experiments. Neither the enterovirus nor the parvovirus survived composting for 28 days in a thermophilic aerobic environment when seeded into the solid fraction of cattle manure. It was concluded that, of the procedures tested, only anaerobic digestion under thermophilic conditions appeared to be a reliable method of viral inactivation to ensure the safety of single cell protein for refeeding to livestock. Composting appeared to be a suitable method for the disinfection of manure for use as a soil conditioner.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 97 , Issue 1 , August 1986 , pp. 175 - 184
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

References

REFERENCES

Albrecht, H. & Strauch, D. (1980). Das umwälzbeluftungverfahren (system Fuchs) zur behandlung von flusigen tierischen und kommunalen obfällen. 10 Mitteilung: Die wirkund der umwälzbelüftung auf viren der picorna-, reo-, und adenogrüppe. Berliner und Münchener Tierarztliche Wochenschrift 93, 86–93.Google Scholar
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association & Water Pollution Control Federation (1981). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 15th edn.Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Burge, W. D., Cramer, W. N. & Epstein, E. (1978). Destruction of pathogens in sewage sludge by composting. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 21, 510–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, J. B. & Brown, E. G. (1978). Isolation of animal viruses from farm livestock waste, soil and water. Journal of Hygiene 81, 295–302.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Derbyshire, J. B. & Brown, E. G. (1979). The inactivation of viruses in cattle and pig slurry by aeration or treatment with calcium hydroxide. Journal of Hygiene 82, 293–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaby, L. W. (1975). Evaluation of Health Hazards Associated with Solid Waste/Sewage Sludge Mixtures. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Report no. EPA 670-2-75-023.Google Scholar
Gilbert, J. P., Wooley, R. E., Shotts, E. B. & Dickens, J. A. (1983). Virucidal effects of Lactobacillus and yeast fermentation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46, 452–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, P. W. (1980). Health hazards associated with the handling of animal wastes. Veterinary Record 106, 4–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lund, E. & Nissen, B. (1983). The survival of enteroviruses in aerated and unaerated cattle and pig slurry. Agricultural Wastes 7, 221–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, R. C., Hinds, F. C., Isaacson, H. R. & Hinesly, T. D. (1971). Porcine enterovirus survival and anaerobic sludge digestion. In Proceedings of International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, pp. 183–184. St Joseph, Michigan: American Society of Agricultural Engineers.Google Scholar
Monteith, H. D., Pike, J., Stickney, A. R. & Rush, R. J. (1982). Summary of full scale demonstration of anaerobic digestion and protein recovery and lab scale fermentation of beef and swine manure. In Proceedings of the Fourth Bioenergy Research and Development Seminar, pp. 463–467. Ottawa: National Research Council.Google Scholar
Sanders, D. A., Malina, J. F., Moore, E. B., Sagik, B. P. & Sorber, C. A. (1979). Fate of poliovirus during anaerobic digestion. Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 51, 333–343.Google ScholarPubMed
Simon, J., Mocsari, E., Di Gleria, M. & Felkai, V. (1983). Effects of radiation on certain animal viruses in liquid swine manure. International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes 34, 793–795.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Srivastava, R. N. & Lund, E. (1980). The stability of bovine parvovirus and its possible use as an indicator for the persistence of animal viruses. Water Research 14, 1017–1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stagg, C. H. (1982). Evaluating chemical disinfectants for virucidal activity. In Methods in Environmental Virology (ed. Gerba, C. P. and Goyal, S. M.), pp. 331–348. New York: Marcel Dekker.Google Scholar
Thomas, F. C., Ouwerkerk, T. & McKercher, P. (1982). Inactivation by gamma irradiation of animal viruses in simulated laboratory effluent. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 43, 1051–1056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wiley, J. S. & Westerberg, S. C. (1969). Survival of human pathogens in composted sewage. Applied Microbiology 18, 994–1001.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed