Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:54:22.588Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hepatitis B virus infection in general population in Madagascar: evidence for different epidemiological patterns in urban and in rural areas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

P. Boisier ,
L. Rabarijaona ,
M. Piollet ,
J. F. Roux  and
H. G. Zeller
P. Boisier
Affiliation:
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo, Madagascar
L. Rabarijaona
Affiliation:
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo, Madagascar
M. Piollet
Affiliation:
Pasteur-Mérieux Sérums et Vaccins, Lyon, France
J. F. Roux
Affiliation:
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo, Madagascar
H. G. Zeller
Affiliation:
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Antananarivo, Madagascar
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

To describe the features of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Madagascar, a randomized sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken in the general population ≥ 1 year old of two provinces which represents 45% of the total population. In the 921 sera tested, the prevalence of HBV markers was 20·5% for HBsAg, 38·2% for anti-HBc and 6·9% for HBeAg. HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence rates were significantly higher in males. A large difference in HBsAg prevalence was observed between urban (5·3%) and rural areas (26·0%). The same contrast in prevalence was noticed for the other HBV markers. In rural areas, HBV infection was more frequently acquired early in infancy, which suggests predominantly perinatal or postnatal transmission. The presence of HBV markers was not significantly associated with a history of blood transfusion, surgery or parenteral injection. High infectivity carriers represented 5·3% and the overall frequency of chronic carriers was 10·4%. These results place Madagascar among areas of high endemicity.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 117 , Issue 1 , August 1996 , pp. 133 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

References

1.Morvan, JM, Boisier, P, Andrianimanana, D, Razainirina, J, Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, M, Roux, JF. Les marqueurs sérologiques des hépatites A, B et C à Madagascar. Première enquête en zone rurale. Bull Soc Path Ex 1994; 87: 138–42.Google Scholar
2.Henderson, RH, Sundaresan, T. Cluster sampling to assess immunization coverage: a review of experience with a simplified sampling method. Bull WHO 1982; 60: 253–60.Google ScholarPubMed
3.Beasley, RP, Hwang, L-Y, Lin, C-C, et al. Incidence of hepatitis B virus infection in preschool children in Taiwan. J Infect Dis 1982; 146: 198–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Werner, GT, Frösner, GG, Fresenius, K. Prevalence of serological hepatitis A and B markers in a rural area of northern Zaire. Am J Trop Med Hyg 1985; 34: 620–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.McCarthy, M, El-Tigani, A, Khalid, IO, Hyams, KC. Hepatitis B and C in Juba, southern Sudan: results of a serosurvey. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1994; 88: 534–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Kiire, CF & the African Regional Study Group. Hepatitis B infection in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccine 1990; 8 suppl: S107–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Capdevielle, P, Valmary, J, Coignard, A, et al. Répartition de l'antigène HBs à Tananarive. Med Trop 1979; 39: 269–71.Google Scholar
8.Ravaoarinoro, M, Ratsirahonana, S, Raelison, M, Phillipon, G, Coulanges, P. Recherche de l'antigène Australia chez les Malgaches de la région d'Antananarivo. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 1985; 52: 157–64.Google Scholar
9.Mathiot, C, Coulanges, P, Rakotondraibe, J, Pique, G. Recherche anticorps anti-LAV et d'antigène HBs chez certains groupes de population à Madagascar. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 1987; 53: 129–31.Google Scholar
10.Genin, C, Mouden, J-C, Coulanges, P, et al. Evaluation de la prévalence de trois marqueurs de maladies sexuellement transmissibles chez des sujects dits ‘àrisque’ à Madagascar (Anticorps anti-HIV–Anticorps anti-tréponèmes–Antigène HBs). Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 1988; 54: 197–216.Google Scholar
11.Rasamindrakotroka, AJ, Rabenantoandro, R, Rapelanoro, R, Rahelimiarana, N, Andriamampihantona, E, Sepetjan, M. Etude de la prévalence de l'anticorps anti-HBc du virus de l'hépatite B de la région tananarivienne. Inter-Fac Afrique 1990; 14: 18–22.Google Scholar
12.Rasamindrakotroka, AJ, Ramiandrisoa, A, Rahelimiarana, N, Radaniela, R, Kirsch, T, Rakotomanga, S. Donneurs de sang de la région tananarivienne: estimation de la séroprévalence de la syphilis, de l'hépatite B et de l'infection à VIH. Med Mal Infect 1993; 23: 40–1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Gray Davis, L, Weber, DJ, Lemon, SM. Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus. Lancet 1989; i: 889–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Boutin, JP, Flye Sainte Marie, F, Cartel, JL, Cardines, R, Girard, M, Roux, J. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in the Austral archipelago, French Polynesia: identification of transmission patterns for the formulation of immunization strategies. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1990; 84: 283–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Jupp, PG, McElligot, SE, Lecatsas, G. The mechanical transmission of hepitatitis B virus by the common bedbug (Cimex lectularius L.) in South Africa. S Afr Med J 1983; 63: 77–81.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Joubert, JJ, Van der Merwe, CA, Lourens, JH, Lecatsas, G, Siegrühn, C. Serological markers of hepatitis B virus and certain other viruses in the population of eastern Caprivi, Namibia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1991; 85: 101–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Chanteau, S, Sechan, Y, Moulia-Pelat, J-P, et al. The blackfly Simulium buissoni and infection by hepatitis B virus on a holoendemic island of the Marquesas archipelago in French Polynesia. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1993; 48: 763–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Edmunds, WJ, Medley, GF, Nokes, DJ, Hall, AJ, Whittle, HC. The influence of age on the development of the hepatitis B carrier state. Proc R Soc Lond B 1993; 253: 197–201.Google ScholarPubMed
19.Coulanges, P, Rakotonirina-Randriambeloma, P-J, Gueguen, A. Le cancer à Madagascar. A propos de 11151 tumeurs malignes diagnostiquées de 1954 à 1978 par le laboratoire d'Anatomie Pathologique de l'Institut Pasteur. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar 1981; 48: 171–212.Google Scholar