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Evaluation of standardized scored inspections for Legionnaires' disease prevention, during the Athens 2004 Olympics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2006

Ch. HADJICHRISTODOULOU ,
G. GOUTZIANA ,
V. MOUCHTOURI ,
Ch. KAPOULA ,
A. KONSTANTINIDIS ,
E. VELONAKIS ,
A. VATOPOULOS  and
J. KREMASTINOU
Ch. HADJICHRISTODOULOU
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larisa, Greece Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
G. GOUTZIANA
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larisa, Greece Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
V. MOUCHTOURI
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larisa, Greece Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
Ch. KAPOULA
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larisa, Greece Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
A. KONSTANTINIDIS
Affiliation:
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessalia, Larisa, Greece
E. VELONAKIS
Affiliation:
Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
A. VATOPOULOS
Affiliation:
Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
J. KREMASTINOU
Affiliation:
Olympic Planning Unit, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece
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Abstract

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The study was designed to determine the contribution of standardized scored inspections implemented during the Athens 2004 Pre-Olympic and Olympic period, in assessing the presence of Legionella spp. in water sites. Inspection grading scores of 477 water supply systems, 127 cooling towers and 134 decorative fountains were associated with the corresponding microbiological test results of 2514 samples for Legionella spp. Nine violations of water supply systems and nine of cooling towers significantly associated with positive microbiological test results, and four violations of water supply systems and one of cooling towers were among those designated as ‘critical’ water safety hazards in the inspection reports. The study documents a strong correlation [water supply systems (RR 1·92), cooling towers (RR 1·94)] between unsatisfactory inspection scoring results and Legionella-positive microbiological test results (in excess of 10000 c.f.u./l) and suggests the utility of inspection scoring systems in predicting Legionella proliferation of water systems and in preventing Legionnaires' disease.

Type
Research Article
Information
Epidemiology & Infection , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , October 2006 , pp. 1074 - 1081
Copyright
2006 Cambridge University Press