Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T23:59:50.873Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Etiology of Typhus Fever

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

W. James Wilson
Affiliation:
Lecturer in Hygiene, Queen's University, Belfast.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Typhus Fever is a disease which modern sanitary reform has banished from the midst of progressive communities. As a result few opportunities are now afforded for investigating the disease by the bacteriological methods of to-day. Sporadic cases and small epidemics occur from time to time in the few insanitary districts that remain in Belfast. Dr Ernest H. Milligan and I made some observations of a bacteriological nature on this disease which we communicated to the Ulster Medical Society in 1908. Since that time I have continued the investigations when any opportunity occurred and in this paper are recorded the results which have been obtained. Recently some new light has been thrown on the etiology of typhus fever, so the present time appeared to me to be opportune to publish our own observations, to analyse the findings of other observers and to discover what is truly established with regard to this subject.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1910

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, John F., Goldberger, Joseph (18. ii. 1910). On the infectivity of Tabardillo or Mexican Typhus for monkeys, and studies on its mode of transmission. Public Health Reports published by Public Health and Marine Hospital Service U.S.A., xxv. 177.Google Scholar
Bailie, H. W. (1908). Report on the Health of the County Borough of Belfast, p. 30.Google Scholar
Balfour, Andrew and Porter, Charles (1899). The Bacteriology of Typhus Fever. Edin. Med. Journ., VI., 522.Google Scholar
Benjasch, M. G. (1899). Zur Bakteriologie des Typhus exanthematicus. (Russian) Wratsch (1899), p. 1287, reference in Baumgarten's Jahresbericht, XV., 134.Google Scholar
Calmette, (1893). De la présence d'un microorganisme dans le sang, les crachats et les urines des malades atteints de typhus exanthématique.Ann. de Microgr. fév. 1893, cited by A. Gouget. Semaine méd. 13e année, p. 193.Google Scholar
Chantemesse, (1893). Note sur l'étiologie du typhus exanthématique. Bull. et Mém. Soc. méd. des Hôpitaux de Paris, pp. 546 and 618.Google Scholar
Coleman, and Buxton, (1909). The Bacteriology of the blood in convalescence from Typhoid Fever, with a theory of the Pathogenesis of the Disease. Journ. Med. Research, XXI., 92.Google Scholar
Curtis, and Combemale, (1893). Première note sur les microorganismes qu'on rencontre dans la rate et le cerveau des malades morts du Typhus exanthématique. C. R. Soc. de Biol., V., 441.Google Scholar
Curschmann, (1902). Tyhoid Fever and Typhus Fever. Nothnagel's Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine. (Saunders, London.)Google Scholar
Dubief, and Bruhl, (1894). Contrib. à l'étude anatomo-path. et bact. du typhus exanthém. Arch. de méd. expériment., 1894, No. 2, p. 224, reference in Semaine méd. 13e année, p. 189.Google Scholar
Fuchs, H. (1896). Ueber eine Flecktyphusepidemie in Danzig, reference in Baumgarten's Jahresbericht, XII., 569.Google Scholar
Galesesco, and Slatinéano, (1906). Recherches bactériologiques faites à l'occasion de l'épidémie de typhus exanthématique de Bucarest. C. R. Soc. de Biol., LXI., No. 25, p. 14.Google Scholar
Gouget, A. (1893). Le microbe du typhus exanthématique. Semaine méd. 13e année, No. 25, p. 193.Google Scholar
Goodall, E. W. and Washbourn, J. W. (1908). A Manual of Infectious Diseases. (2nd ed., Lewis, London.)Google Scholar
Gotschlich, Emil (1903). Ueber Protozoënbefunde (Apiosoma) im Blute von Flecktyphuskranken. Deutsche med. Wochenschr. Jahrg. 29, No. 19, p. 329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, Matthew (1907). Typhus Fever and Fleas. Public Health, XIX., p. 772.Google Scholar
Hirsch, (1883). Handbook of Geographical and Historical Pathology.(New Sydenham Soc.), I., 545.Google Scholar
Hlava, J. (1893). Ueber den Typhus exanthematicus. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol., XIV., 322.Google Scholar
Horiuchi, T. (1908). Ueber einen neuen Bacillus als Erreger eines exanthematischen Fiebers in der Mandschurei während des japanisch-russischen krieges “Bacillus febris exanthematici Mandschurici.“ Centralbl. f. Bakteriol.,XLVI., Originals, p. 586.Google Scholar
Iversen, Jul. G. (1905). Ueber die Schwankungen des Agglutinationsvermögens des Serums im Verlaufe des Typhus abdominalis. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., XLIX., p. 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelsch, (1893). De l'étiologie du typhus exanthématique. Semaine méd. 13 e année, No. 24, p. 189—also Traité des maladies épidémiques. Paris, 1894, vol. i., p. 459.Google Scholar
Ker, (1909). Infectious Diseases (Oxford Med. Pub.).Google Scholar
Kireef, (1905). Bakteriolog. Untersuchung des Blutes bei Flecktyphus. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. Originale, XXXVIII., 518.Google Scholar
Krompecher, Goldzieher and Augyán, (1909). Protozoonbefunde bei Typhus exanthematicus. Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. Originale, I., 612.Google Scholar
Lewaschew, S. (1892). Ueber die Mikroorganismen des Flecktyphus. Deutsche med. Wochenschr., XVIII., No. 13, p. 279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Love, Andrew (1905). An investigation into the leucocytosis of Typhus Fever. Journ. of Path. and Bact., X., 296.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucksch, (1907). Ueber den Blutbefund bei Fleckfieber. Fol. Hämatolog. Jahrg. 4, 1907, H. 4. Reference in Centralbl. für allgem. Pathol. u. pathol. Anat., XVIII., 683.Google Scholar
McWeeney, (1898). Note on the Etiology of Typhus Fever. Brit. Med. Journ. I., 881.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mochutkovski, (1900). Reference in Lancet, I., 1459.Google Scholar
Moore, Sir John W. (1906). “Typhus Fever“ in A System of Medicine by Allbutt and Rolleston. Vol. II., Part I., p. 556.Google Scholar
Mott, and Blore, (1883). Micro–organisms in Typhus. Brit. Med. Journ. II., 1058.Google Scholar
Netter, (1893). Étiologie et prophylaxie du Typhus exanthématique. Bull. et Mém. Soc. méd. des Hôpitaux de Paris, X., 555.Google Scholar
Nicolle, CharlesComte, C., et Conseil, E. (1909). C. R. Acad. des Sci., CXLIX., No. 10, p. 486.Google Scholar
Nicolle, Charles (1910). Recherches expérimentales sur le Typhus exanthématique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, XXIV., p. 243.Google Scholar
Newsholme, (1908). Poverty and Disease as illustrated by the course of Typhus Fever and Phthisis in Ireland. Proc. Royal Soc. Med., Epidem. Section, p. 1.Google Scholar
Osler, W. (1909). Principles and Practice of Medicine. 7th ed., Appletons, p. 109.Google Scholar
Patterson, J. Hume (1908). Report on the work done in the Bacteriological Laboratory of the County of Lanark, 1908, p. 6.Google Scholar
Rabinowitch, (1909). Ueber Flecktyphus. Arch. f. Hyg., LXXI., H. 4.Google Scholar
Ricketts, and Wilder, (5. ii. 1910). The Typhus Fever of Mexico (tabardillo). Journ. Am. Med. Assoc., LIV., 463, reference in Anderson and Goldberger's paper.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slatinéano, and Galesesco, (1906). Recherches cytologiques sur le sang dans le typhus exanthématique. C. R. Soc. de Biol., LXI., No. 26, p. 85.Google Scholar
Spillmann, (1896). Contribution à l'histoire du typhus exanthématique. Baumgarten's Jahresbericht, XII., 569.Google Scholar
Stanichevskaja, (1906). Recherches bactériologiques du sang au cours du typhus exanthématique. Rousski Vratch, 8th Oct. 1905, p. 1247, reference in Journ. de Physiol. et de Pathol. générale, VIII., p. 365.Google Scholar
Thayer, (1902). “Typhoid and Typhus Fever,” quoted in Nothnagel's Encyclopedia of Practical Medicine (English ed., Saunders, London), p. 174.Google Scholar
Thoinot, and Calmette, (1892). Note sur quelques examens de sang dans le Typhus exanthématique. Ann. Inst. Pasteur, p. 39.Google Scholar
Weinschal, (1892). Bakteriologische Untersuchung des Blutes beim Flecktyphus, reference in Baumgarten's Jahresbericht, VIII., 296.Google Scholar
Wilson, and Milligan, (1908). Bacteriological and cytological investigations of the Blood in Typhus Fever cases. Trans. Ulster Med. Soc., session 1908–9, p. 62.Google Scholar
Wilson, W. James (1909). On heterologous agglutinins, more particularly those present in the blood serum of Cerebro?–spinal Fever and Typhus Fever cases. Journ. of Hygiene, IX., 316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yersin, and Vassal, (1908). Typhus Fever in Indo-China. Philippine Journ. of Sci., III., 131.Google Scholar