Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T16:31:36.650Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Development of a Stable Smallpox Vaccine*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2009

L. H. Collier
L. H. Collier
Affiliation:
Vaccine Lymph Unit, Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, Elstree, Herts
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

1. Requirements for a heat-stable smallpox vaccine are suggested.

2. Sheep lymph dried from the frozen state retains its potency at 22 and 37°C. better than aqueous, glycerinated or lanolinated suspensions of lymph. Dried crude lymph is not, however, sufficiently stable for use in tropical areas; it is also liable to vary in stability from batch to batch. No better results were obtained by prolonging secondary desiccation.

3. Phenol in low concentration is deleterious to vaccinia virus stored in the dried or liquid state at 22 and 37° C.

4. Dried vaccinia virus stored under nitrogen loses potency more rapidly than when sealed in vacuo, even when precautions are taken to rid the nitrogen of traces of oxygen and moisture.

5. A number of suspending media were examined for their preservative influence on purified vaccinia virus. None was effective in the liquid state, but all protected the virus against the lethal influence of freeze-drying. In the dried state, these media varied in their ability to protect the virus during storage at 22 or 37° C. The best results at both temperatures were obtained with virus freeze-dried in 5% peptone. This medium also protects the virus well at 45° C. Different types of peptone were equally effective.

6. Virus dried in 5% peptone still gave a full quota of successful primary vaccinations of children after storage for 12 months at 22° C., or for 4 months at 37° C.

7. Using partially purified sheep virus dried in 5% peptone, a vaccine can be produced which shows a high degree of resistance to heat, is relatively free from bacterial contamination, and is easy to reconstitute after prolonged storage. These results are highly reproducible.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 53 , Issue 1 , March 1955 , pp. 76 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1955

References

Achalme, P. & Phisalix, M. (1909). Bull. Soc. Pat. exot. 2, 431.Google Scholar
Amies, C. R. (1938). J. Path. Bact. 47, 205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beard, J. W., Finkelstein, H. & Wyckoff, R. W. G. (1937). Science, 86, 331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beckett, L. G. (1954). In The Biological Applications of Freezing and Drying, pp.285–301. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Beveridge, W. I. B. & Burnet, F. M. (1946). Spec. Rep. Ser. med. Res. Coun., Lond., no. 256.Google Scholar
Burnet, F. M. & Fabis, D. D. (1942). J. Bact. 44, 241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carini, A. (1906). Zbl. Bakt., Abt. I. Orig., 41, 32.Google Scholar
Collier, L. H. (1951).In Freezing and Drying, pp. 133–7. London: Institute of Biology.Google Scholar
Collier, L. H. (1953 a). Proc. VIth Int. Congr. Microbiol. Rome, 2, 23.Google Scholar
Collier, L. H. (1953 b). Proc. VIth Int. Congr. Microbiol. Rome, 2, 25.Google Scholar
Collier, L. H. (1953 c). In A Discussion on the Maintenance of Cultures by Freeze Drying, pp. 12–20. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Collier, L. H. (1954). Bact. Rev. 18, 74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collier, W. A. (1950). Docum. neerl. indones. Morb. trap. 2, 41.Google Scholar
Craigie, J. (1932). Brit. J. exp. Path. 13, 259.Google Scholar
Cunningham, J. (1922). Report on the Relative Values of Lanoline and Untreated Glycerine Lymph. Government of Madras. G.O. 1421, P.H., 16 October 1922.Google Scholar
Cunningham, J. & Cruickshank, J. A. (1924). Indian.J. med. Res. 11, 1173.Google Scholar
Fry, R. M. (1951).In Freezing and Drying, pp. 107–15. London: Institute of Biology.Google Scholar
Fry, R. M. & Greaves, R. I. N. (1951). J. Hyg., Camb., 49, 220.Google Scholar
Greaves, R. I. N. (1944). Nature, Lond. 153, 485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henky, K. M., Kon, S., Lea, C. H. & White, J. C. D. (1948). J. Dairy Res. 15, 292.Google Scholar
King, W. G. (1920). Vaccination in the Tropics. London: Tropical Diseases Bureau.Google Scholar
Lea, C. H. (1950). Chem. & Ind. March, p. 155.Google Scholar
Lea, C. H. & Hannen, R. S. (1950). Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 5, 433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lea, C. H., Hannen, R. S. & Greaves, R. I. N. (1950). Biochem. J. 47, 626.Google Scholar
McClean, D. (1949). Lancet, ii, 476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otten, L. (1927). Z. Hyg. InfektKr. 107, 677.Google Scholar
Otten, L. (1932). Meded. Dienst. Volksgezondh. Ned.-Ind. 21, 196.Google Scholar
Proom, H. (1951).In Freezing and Drying, pp. 117–26. London: Institute of Biology.Google Scholar
Salaman, M. H. (1937). Brit. J. exp. Path. 18, 245.Google Scholar