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A comparison of three vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus in calves

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

E. J. Stott ,
L. H. Thomas ,
G. Taylor ,
A. P. Collins ,
J. Jebbett  and
S. Crouch
E. J. Stott
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
L. H. Thomas
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
G. Taylor
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
A. P. Collins
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
J. Jebbett
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
S. Crouch
Affiliation:
Agricultural and Food Research Council, Institute for Research on Animal Diseases, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire
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Summary

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An inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was compared with two live vaccines. The inactivated (GC) vaccine consisted of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine nasal mucosa cells persistently infected with RSV and emulsified with oil adjuvant. The live vaccines were a modified virus (MV) derived from a bovine strain of RSV and a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts-1) derived from a human strain. The GC vaccine was inoculated subcutaneously into 12 calves and the live vaccines intramuscularly into eight calves each. Nine unvaccinated calves acted as controls. The vaccines were administered in two doses 3 weeks apart and all calves were challenged intranasally with 2 × 107 p.f.u. of bovine RSV 3 weeks after the second dose.

At the time of challenge calves given GC, MV and ts-1 vaccines had mean serum neutralizing antibody titres of 25, 19 and 2 respectively; mean titres of IgG1 antibody by radioimmunoassay were log10 4·5, 1·3 and 2·6 respectively and mean zone areas by single radial haemolysis (SRH) were 107, 27 and 36 mm2 respectively.

Eleven of 12 calves given GC vaccine were completely protected against challenge but all control animals and those given the two live vaccines were infected. The mean peak titre of virus in nasal swabs of control calves was 3.0 log10 p.f.u./ml and the mean duration of virus shedding was 6·8 days. Both these parameters were significantly reduced in animals given MV and ts-1 vaccines: mean peak titres were 2·1 and 2·4 log10 p.f.u./ml and mean duration of shedding was 3·4 and 3·3 days respectively.

Thus, protection correlated better with RSV antibody detected by radio-immunoassay and SRH than with neutralizing antibody. These results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism by which protection was mediated.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 93 , Issue 2 , October 1984 , pp. 251 - 261
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1984

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