Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T20:58:56.008Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chemical disinfection of human rotavirus-contaminated inanimate surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

Nellie Lloyd-Evans ,
V. Susan Springthorpe  and
Syed A. Sattar
Nellie Lloyd-Evans
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1H 8M5
V. Susan Springthorpe
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1H 8M5
Syed A. Sattar*
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, CanadaK1H 8M5
*
*Author for correspondence.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Fomites may play a role in the transmission of rotavirus infections, and in view of this, 27 disinfectants were evaluated for their ability to inactivate human rotavirus (HRV) on contaminated non-porous inanimate surfaces. Disks of stainless steel, glass and two types of plastics were contaminated with about 107 plaque-forming units of HRV suspended in faecal matter. The inoculum was allowed todry and an equal volume of the product under test was applied to the contaminated surface. After contact for 1 min, the action of the disinfectant was stopped by dilution. Surviving infectious virus on the disks was determined by plaque assay in MA-104 cells. A product was considered to be effective if itcould reduce the virus titre by at least 3 log10. Only 33·3% (9/27) of the formulations tested proved to be effective. Further testing of the effective products, which included antiseptics, instrument soaks and hard-surface disinfectants, showed that all of them could, in fact, reduce the virus titre on contaminated surfaces by at least 6 log10. These findings show the relative resistance of HRV to a widerange of chemical disinfectants in common use, and also emphasize the need for a more thorough evaluation of the virucidal potential of formulations regularly employed in attempts to prevent and control outbreaks of rotaviral diarrhoea.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Hygiene , Volume 97 , Issue 1 , August 1986 , pp. 163 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1986

References

REFERENCES

Blackwell, J. H. & Chen, J. H. S. (1970). Effects of various germicidal chemicals on H.Ep.2 cell culture and herpes simplex virus. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 53, 1229–1236.Google Scholar
Drews, R. C. (1977). Acetone sterilization in ophthalmic surgery. Annals of Ophthalmology 9, 781–784.Google ScholarPubMed
Halvorsrud, J. & Ørstavik, I. (1980). An epidemic of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in a nursing home for the elderly. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, 161–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harakeh, M. S. (1984). Inactivation of enteroviruses, rotaviruses and bacteriophages by peracetic acid in a municipal sewage effluent. FEMS Microbiology Letters 23, 27–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holzel, H., Cubitt, D. W., McSwiggan, D. A., Sanderson, P. J. & Church, J. (1980). An outbreak of rotavirus infection among adults in a cardiology ward. Journal of Infection 2, 33–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, T., Chen, C, Wang, C, Yao, H., Fang, Z., Chou, T., Chou, Z., Ye, W., Chang, X., Den, S., Liang, X. & Chang, W. (1984). Waterborne outbreak of rotavirus diarrhoea in adults in China caused by a novel rotavirus. Lancet i, 1139–1142.Google Scholar
Ijaz, M. K., Sattar, S. A., Johnson-Lussenburg, C. M., Springthorpe, V. S. & Nair, R. C. (1985). Effect of relative humidity, atmospheric temperature and suspending medium on the airborne survival of human rotavirus. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, 681–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Keswick, B. H., Pickering, L. K., DuPont, H. L. & Woodward, W. E. (1983). Survival and detection of rotaviruses on environmental surfaces in day-care centres. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46, 813–816.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchoff, H. (1969). Problems of virus disinfection shown with the example of Newcastle disease virus. Deutsche Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 76, 71–74.Google Scholar
Klein, M. & Deforest, A. (1983). Principles of viral inactivation. In Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation (ed. Block, S. S.), pp. 422–434. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Moe, K. & Shirley, J. A. (1982). The effects of relative humidity and temperature on the survival of human rotavirus in faeces. Archives of Virology 72, 179–186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakao, J., Hers, R. G., Bachman, P. A. & Mahnel, H. (1978). Inactivation of transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus of pigs. Berliner und Münchener Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 91, 353–357.Google Scholar
Narang, H. K. & Codd, A. A. (1981). Frequency of preclumped virus in routine faecal specimens from patients with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Journal of clinical Microbiology 13, 982–988.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramia, S. & Sattar, S. A. (1980). Concentration of simian rotavirus SA-11 from potable waters using talc-Celite layers and hydroextraction. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39, 493–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raphael, R. A., Sattar, S. A. & Springthorpe, V. S. (1985). Long-term survival of human rotavirus in raw and treated river water. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 31, 124–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryder, R. W., McGowan, J. E., Hatch, M. H. & Palmer, E. L. (1977). Reovirus-like agent as a cause of nosocomial diarrhoea in infants. Journal of Pediatrics 90, 698–702.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samadi, A. R., Huq, M. I. & Ahmed, Q. S. (1983). Detection of rotavirus in the handwashings of attendants of children with diarrhoea. British Medical Journal 286, 188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sattar, S. A., Raphael, R. A., Lochnan, H. & Springthorpe, V. S. (1983). Rotavirus inactivation by chemical disinfectants and antiseptics used in hospitals. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 29, 1464–1469.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sattar, S. A., Lloyd-Evans, N., Springthorpe, V. S. & Nair, R. C. (1986). Institutional outbreaks of rotavirus diarrhoea: potential role of fomites and environmental surfaces as vehicles for virus transmission. Journal of Hygiene 96, 277–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schurmann, W. & Eggers, H. J. (1983). Antiviral activity of an alcoholic hand disinfectant. Comparison of the in vitro suspension test with in vivo experiments on hands, and on individual fingertips. Antiviral Research 3, 25–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sporkenbach, J., Wiegers, K. J. & Dernick, R. (1981). The virus inactivatng efficacy of peracids and peracidous disinfectants. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Hygiene B 173, 425–439.Google ScholarPubMed
Springthorpe, V. S., Grenier, J. L., Lloyd-Evans, N. & Sattar, S. A. (1986). Chemical disinfection of human rotaviruses: efficacy of commercially-available products in suspension tests. Journal of Hygiene 97, 139–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, F. J. (1983). Hydrogen peroxide and other oxidant disinfectants. In Disinfection, Sterilization and Preservation (ed. Block, S. S.), pp. 240–250. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger.Google Scholar
Williams, F. P. (1985). Membrane associated viral complexes observed in stools and cell culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 50, 523–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wyatt, R. G., James, W. D., Bohl, E. H., Theil, K. W., Saif, L. J., Kalica, R., Greenberg, H. B., Kapikian, A. Z. & Chanock, R. M. (1980). Human rotavirus type 2 cultivation in vitro. Science 207, 189–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed