Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T17:03:01.630Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Assessment of the remanent antibacterial effect of a 2% triclosan-detergent preparation on the skin

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 October 2009

C. A. Bartzokas
Affiliation:
University Department of Medical Microbiology, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XW
J. E. Corkill
Affiliation:
University Department of Medical Microbiology, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XW
T. Makin
Affiliation:
University Department of Medical Microbiology, Duncan Building, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Prescot Street, Liverpool L7 8XW
D. C. Pinder
Affiliation:
Medical Department, Mersey Regional Health Authority, Wilberforce House, The Strand, Liverpool L2 7RW
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

A method of quantifying the remanent antibacterial effect of a 2% triclosan preparation in detergent following three consecutive applications on the forearm of 20 volunteers over 2 h, is described with reference to its efficacy against a gentamicin-and multiply-resistant scrotype of Klebsiella aerogenes. The relevance of the residual activity of triclosan and other skin antiseptics in surgical and hygienic hand disinfection are discussed.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1983

References

REFERENCES

Bartzokas, C. A., Gibson, M. F., Graham, R. & Pinder, D. C. (1983). A comparison of triclosan and chlorhexidine preparations with 60 per cent isopropyl alcohol for hygienic hand disinfection. Journal of Hospital Infection 4, 245255.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borneff, J., Eggers, H.-J., Grun, L., Gundermann, K.-O., Kuwert, E., Lammers, T., Primavesi, C. A., Rotter, M., Schmidt-Lorenz, W., Schubert, R., Sonntag, H.-G., Spicher, G., Teuber, M., Thofern, E., Weinhold, E. & Werner, H.-P. (1981). Richtlinien für die prüfungund bewertung chemischer desinfektionsverfahren. Zenlralblatt für Bakleriologie und Hygiene 1, Abteilung Originate B 172, 534562.Google Scholar
Bromley, D. B. (1983). Psychological factors in hospital infection. Journal of Infection Control Nursing 23, 1114.Google Scholar
Casewell, M. & Phillips, I. (1977). Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species. British Medical Journal 2, 13151317.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Casewell, M. W., Webster, M., Dalton, M. T. & Phillips, I. (1977). Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes in a urological ward. Lancet ii, 444446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CDC Report (1981). Antiseptics, handwashing and handwashing facilities. In Guidelinesfor the Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections, pp. 15. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta.Google Scholar
Church, J. & Sanderson, P. (1980). Letters to the Editor – Surgical glove punctures. Journal of Hospital Infection 1, 84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collaborative Study by the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Epidemiological Research Laboratory of the Public Health Laboratory Service together with a District Control-of-Infection Service. (1980). Acute hepatitis B associated with gynaecological surgery. Lancet i, 16.Google Scholar
Crossley, K., Landesman, B. & Zaske, D. (1979). An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides. II. Epidemiologic studies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 139, 280287.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crossley, K., Loesch, D., Landesman, B., Mead, K., Chern, M. & Strate, R. (1979). An outbreak of infections caused by strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides. I. Clinical Studies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 139, 273279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cruse, P. J. E. & Foord, R. (1973). A five-year prospective study of 23, 649 surgical wounds. Archives of Surgery 107, 206210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curie, K., Speller, D. C. E., Simpson, R. A., Stephens, M. & Cooke, D. I. (1978). A hospital epidemic caused by gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes. Journal of Hygiene 80, 115123.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devenish, E. A. & Miles, A. A. (1939). Control of Staphylococcus aureus in an operating theatre. Lancet i, 10881094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Federal Register. (1978). Test for health care personnel hand-wash effectiveness. Federal Register 43, 1244.Google Scholar
Fleck, A. C. Jr & Klein, J. O. (1959). The epidemiology and investigation of hospital-acquired staphylococcal disease in newborn infants. Pediatrics 24, 11021107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frappier-Davignon, L., Frappier, A. & St, Pierre J. (1959). Staphylococcal infection in hospital nurseries. Influence of three different nursing techniques. Canadian Medical Association Journal 81, 531536.Google ScholarPubMed
Furia, T. E. & Schenkel, A. G. (1968). 2, 4, 4′-Trichloro-2′-Hydroxydiphenyl Ether. New, broad spectrum bacteriostat. Soap and Chemical Specialities 44, 317.Google Scholar
Gordon, A. M. (1980). Gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella strains in hospital. British Medical Journal 1, 722723.Google Scholar
Hable, K. A., Matsen, J. M., Wheeler, D. J., Hunt, C. A. & Quie, P. G. (1972). Klebsiella type 33 septicemia in an infant intensive care unit. The Journal of Pediatrics 80, 920924.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, C. A. (1982). Nosocomial gentamicin- and multiply-resistant enterobacteria at one hospital. 1. Description of an outbreak. Journal of Hospital Infection 3, 1528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hart, C. A., Gibson, M. F. & Buckles, A. M. (1981). Variation in skin and environmental survival of hospital gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria. Journal of Hygiene 87, 277285.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kundsin, R. B. & Walter, C. W. (1973). The surgical scrub. Practical consideration. Archives of Surgery 107, 7577.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowbury, E. J. L. & Lilly, H. A. (1960). Disinfection of the hands of surgeons and nurses. British Medical Journal 1, 14451450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowbury, E. J. L. & Lilly, H. A. (1973). Use of 4% chlorhexidine detergent solution (Hibiscrub) and other methods of skin disinfection. British Medical Journal 1, 510515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marples, M. J. (1969). The normal flora of the human skin. British Journal of Dermatology 81, suppl. 1, 213.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mortimer, E. A. Jr, Wolinsky, E. & Rammelkamp, C. H. Jr (1965). The transmission of staphylococci by the hands of personnel. In Skin Bacteria and their Role in Infection, (ed. Maibach, H. I. and Hildick-Smith, G.), pp. 187199. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Müntener, M., Schwarz, H. & Reber, H. (1972). Zur chirurgischen händedesinfektion mit einem Iodophor (Betadine). Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift 102, 699706.Google ScholarPubMed
Noble, W. C. & Somerville, D. A. (1974). Cutaneous populations. In Microbiology of Human Skin (ed. Rook, A.), pp. 5057.Google Scholar
Parry, M. F., Hutchinson, J. H., Brown, N. A., Wu, C.-H.Estreller, L. (1980). Gramnegative sepsis in neonates: a nursery outbreak due to hand carriage of Citrobacter diversus. Pediatrics 65, 11051109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peacock, J. E. Jr, Moorman, D. R., Wenzel, R. P. & Mandell, G. L. (1981). Methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus: microbiologic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and assessment of virulence of an epidemic strain. Journal of Infectious Diseases 144, 575582.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peterson, A. F., Rosenberg, A. & Alatary, S. D. (1978). Comparative evaluation of surgical scrub preparation. Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics 146, 6365.Google Scholar
Pollack, M., Nieman, R. E., Reinhardt, J. A., Charache, P., Jett, M. P. & Hardy, P. H. Jr (1972). Factors influencing colonisation and antibiotic-resistance patterns of gram-negative bacteria in hospital patients. Lancet ii, 668671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, P. B. (1938). The bacteriology of normal skin; a new quantitative test applied to a study of the bacterial flora and the disinfectant action of mechanical cleansing. Journal of Infectious Diseases 63, 301318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, E. H., Brain, A. & Dickson, J. A. S. (1980). An outbreak of infection with a gentamicin and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal unit. Journal of Hospital Infection 1, 221228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rammelkamp, C. H. Jr, Mortimer, E. A. Jr & Wolinsky, E. (1964). Transmission of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. Annals of Internal Medicine 60, 753758.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Regös, J. & Hitz, H. R. (1974). Investigations on the mode of action of Triclosan, a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie und Hygiene, 1, Abteilung Originate A 226, 390401.Google ScholarPubMed
Shouldice, E. E. & Martin, C. J. (1959). Wound infections, surgical gloves and hands of operating personnel. Canadian Medical Association Journal 81, 636640.Google ScholarPubMed
Taylor, L. J. (1978). An evaluation of handwashing techniques – 2. Nursing Times 74, 108110.Google ScholarPubMed
van der Hoeven, E. & Hinton, N. A. (1968). An assessment of the prolonged effect of antiseptic scrubs on the bacterial flora of the hands. Canadian Medical Association Journal 99, 402407.Google ScholarPubMed
Walter, C. W. & Kundsin, R. B. (1969). The bacteriologic study of surgical gloves from 250 operations. Surgery, Gynaecology and Obstetrics 129, 949952.Google ScholarPubMed