Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:27:29.544Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEWS AND CASE STUDIES: Searching the Conditioning Factors Explaining the (In)Effectiveness of Protected Areas Management: A Case Study Using a SWOT Approach

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 January 2014

Corrado Battisti ,
Daniel Franco  and
Luca Luiselli
Corrado Battisti*
Affiliation:
MD, Environmental Service, Province of Rome, Rome, Italy
Daniel Franco
Affiliation:
PhD, Planland Organization, Rome, Italy
Luca Luiselli
Affiliation:
PhD, Center of Environmental Studies, Demetra, Rome, Italy
*
Corrado Battisti, Environmental Service, Province of Rome, via Tiburtina 691, I-00159 Rome, Italy; (phone) +39-06-67663321; (fax) +39-06-67663168; (e-mail) [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Based on long-term fieldwork, we report a descriptive SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis performed by a public agency that manages a protected area (PA) system in a densely populated area (Rome, central Italy) to highlight the core limits in this PA's management effectiveness. The key result of the analysis is that the limits of the management effectiveness and the obstacle in setting improvement strategies can be basically derived from the hierarchical command-and-control government approach and from the adopted management model. The main hindrance to the implementation of a multilevel collaborative management appears to be the “institutional stickiness” of the managing public agency in shifting from its hierarchical government approach to a governance one. Having observed the presence of operational gaps among the best solutions in the scholarly mainstream, the governing capability of the managing authority, and what happens in the field, we suggest that an answer to aligning these factors could be the creation of more fluid conditions for bottom–up initiatives—for instance, by monitoring the multibenefits of PAs for local communities or by making available to the public the economic evaluation of public goods.

Environmental Practice 15:401–408 (2013)

Type
Features
Information
Environmental Practice , Volume 15 , Issue 4 , December 2013 , pp. 401 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © National Association of Environmental Professionals 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Battisti, C. 2003. Habitat Fragmentation, Fauna and Ecological Network Planning: Toward a Theoretical Conceptual Framework. Italian Journal of Zoology 70(3):241–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Battisti, C., ed. 2006. Biodiversità, gestione, conservazione di un'area umida del litorale tirrenico: La palude di Torre Flavia [Biodiversity, management, conservation of a wetland along the Tyrrhenian coast: The Torre Flavia Marsh]. Gangemi, Rome, 493 pp.Google Scholar
Battisti, C., Luiselli, L., Pantano, D., and Teofili, C.. 2008. On Threats Analysis Approach Applied to a Mediterranean Remnant Wetland: Is the Assessment of Human-Induced Threats Related to Different Level of Expertise of Respondents? Biodiversity and Conservation 17(6):1529–1542.Google Scholar
Battisti, C., Luiselli, L., and Teofili, C.. 2009. Quantifying Threats in a Mediterranean Wetland: Are There Any Changes in Their Evaluation during a Training Course? Biodiversity and Conservation 18(11):3053–3060.Google Scholar
Beinhocker, E.D. 2006. The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics. McKinsey & Company, Pittsburgh, PA, 527 pp.Google Scholar
Boettke, P.J., Coyne, C.J., and Leeson, P.T.. 2008. Institutional Stickiness and the New Development Economics. American Journal of Economics and Sociology 67(2):331–358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., and Borrini, G.. 1996. Collaborative Management of Protected Areas: Tailoring the Approach to the Context. Issues in Social Policy Series. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 67 pp.Google Scholar
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Kothari, A., and Oviedo, G.. 2004. Indigenous and Local Communities and Protected Areas: Towards Equity and Enhanced Conservation, Kothari, A., ed. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series, no. 11. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 112 pp.Google Scholar
Contoli, L., and Battisti, C.. 2012. Devolution and Evolution in the Policy of Biodiversity Conservation in Italy: Central or Local Approach? Rendiconti Lincei [Lincean proceedings] 23(4):321–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Filpa, A. 2000. Il Lazio verso il nuovo sistema delle aree protette [The Latium new system of protected areas]. Urbanistica Dossier [Urban dossier] 30:25–27.Google Scholar
Folke, C., Hahn, T., Olsson, P., and Norberg, J.. 2005. Adaptive Governance of Social-Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Environment and Resources 30:441–473.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franco, D. 2007. The Rural Policy as a Tool for the Natural Resource Management. In 25 Years of Landscape Ecology: Scientific Principles in Practice—Proceedings of the 7th IALE World Congress, Wageningen, The Netherlands, July 8–12, Bunce, R.G.H., Jongman, R.H.G., Hojas, L. and Weel, L., eds. International Association of Landscape Ecology (IALE), Wageningen, The Netherlands, 98–99.Google Scholar
Franco, D., and Luiselli, L.. 2013. A Procedure to Analyse the Strategic Outliers and the Multiple Motivations in a Contingent Valuation: A Case Study for a Concrete Policy Purpose. International Journal of Social Economics 40(3):246–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guidi, A., ed. 2007. La Riserva Naturale di Monte Catillo [The Monte Catillo Nature Reserve]. Department of Agriculture, Environment, Hunting, and Fishing, Rome, 350 pp.Google Scholar
Halla, F. 2007. A SWOT Analysis of Strategic Urban Development Planning: The Case of Dar es Salaam City in Tanzania. Habitat International 31(1):130–142.Google Scholar
Hill, T., and Westbrook, R.. 1997. SWOT Analysis: It's Time for a Product Recall. Long Range Planning 30(1):46–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hockings, M., Stolton, S., and Dudley, N.. 2000. Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessing the Management of Protected Areas. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series, no. 6. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 121 pp.Google Scholar
Hockings, M., Stolton, S., Leverington, F., Dudley, N., and Courrau, J.. 2006. Evaluating Effectiveness: A Framework for Assessing the Management of Protected Areas, 2nd edition. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series, no. 14. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 105 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holling, C.S. 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4:1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holling, C.S., and Meffe, G.K.. 1996. Command and Control and the Pathology of Natural Resource Management. Conservation Biology 10(2):328–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroll, A.J. 2007. Integrating Professional Skills in Wildlife Student Education. Journal of Wildlife Management 71(1):226–230CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leigh, D. 2009. SWOT Analysis. In Handbook of Improving Performance in the Workplace: Selecting and Implementing Performance Interventions, volume 2: Selecting and Implementing Performance Interventions, Watkins, R. and Leigh, D., eds. Pfeiffer, San Francisco, 115–140.Google Scholar
Leverington, F., and Hockings, M.. 2004. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Protected Area Management: The Challenge of Change. In Securing Protected Areas in the Face of Global Change: Issues and Strategies, Barber, C.V., Miller, K.R. and Boness, M., eds. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, 169–214.Google Scholar
Leverington, F., Hockings, M., and Costa, K.L.. 2008. Management Effectiveness Evaluation in Protected Areas: A Global Study. University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia, 70 pp.Google Scholar
Lindenmayer, D.B., and Fisher, J.. 2006. Habitat Fragmentation and Landscape Change: An Ecological and Conservation Synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC, 352 pp.Google Scholar
Lockwood, M. 2010. Good Governance for Terrestrial Protected Areas: A Framework, Principles and Performance Outcomes. Journal of Environmental Management 91(3):754–766Google Scholar
Ludwig, D. 2001. The Era of Management Is Over. Ecosystems 4(8):758–764.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Machlis, G.E., and Tichnell, D.L.. 1985. The State of the World's Parks: An International Assessment for Resource Management, Policy and Research. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, 131 pp.Google Scholar
Margoluis, R., and Salafsky, N.. 1998. Measures of Success: Designing, Managing, and Monitoring Conservation and Development Projects. Island Press, Washington, DC, 384 pp.Google Scholar
Marini, F, Ceccobelli, S., and Battisti, C.. 2011. Coypu (Myocastor coypus) in a Mediterranean Remnant Wetland: A Pilot Study of a Yearly Cycle with Management Implications. Wetlands Ecology and Management 19(2):159–164.Google Scholar
McCleery, R.A., Lopez, R.R., and Silvy, N.J.. 2010. Transferring Research to Endangered Species Management. Journal of Wildlife Management 71(7):2134–2141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
The Nature Conservancy (TNC). 2000. The Five-S Framework for Site Conservation: A Practitioner's Handbook for Site Conservation Planning and Measuring Conservation Success. TNC, Arlington, VA, 56 pp.Google Scholar
Olsson, P., Folke, C., and Berkes, F.. 2004. Adaptive Comanagement for Building Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems. Environmental Management 34(1):75–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orr, S.K. 2011. The Private Sector on Public Land: Policy Implications of a SWOT Analysis of Banff National Park. Journal of National Resources Policy Research 3(4):341–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peters, B.G. 2000. Governance and Comparative Politics. In Debating Governance: Authority, Steering, and Democracy, Pierre, J., ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 36–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pino, J., Rodà, F., Ribas, J., and Pons, X.. 2000. Landscape Structure and Bird Species Richness: Implications for Conservation in Rural Areas between Natural Parks. Landscape and Urban Planning 49(1-2):35–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plummer, R., and Armitage, D.. 2007. A Resilience-Based Framework for Evaluating Adaptive Co-management: Linking Ecology, Economics and Society in a Complex World. Ecological Economics 61(1):62–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Provincia di Roma [Province of Rome]. 2011. Carta dei Beni Comuni della Provincia di Roma [Map of the common goods of the Province of Rome]. Available at http://www.opendata.provincia.roma.it/dataset/carta-dei-beni-comuni-della-provincia-di-roma.Google Scholar
Reed, M.S. 2008. Stakeholder Participation for Environmental Management: A Literature Review. Biological Conservation 141(10):2417–2431.Google Scholar
Salafsky, N., Salzer, N., Stattersfield, A.J., Hilton-Taylor, C., Neugarten, R., Butchart, S.H.M., Collen, B., Cox, N., Master, L.L., O'Connor, S., and Wilkie, D.. 2008. A Standard Lexicon for Biodiversity Conservation: Unified Classifications of Threats and Actions. Conservation Biology 22(4):897–911.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Secco, L., Pettenella, D., and Gatto, P.. 2011. Forestry Governance and Collective Learning Process in Italy: Likelihood or Utopia? Forest Policy and Economics 13(2):104–112.Google Scholar
Slocombe, D.S. 1993. Environmental Planning, Ecosystem Science, and Ecosystem Approaches for Integrating Environment and Development. Environmental Management 17(3):289–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J.L. 2008. A Critical Appreciation of the “Bottom-Up” Approach to Sustainable Water Management: Embracing Complexity Rather Than Desirability. Local Environment 13(4):353–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southern, A., Lovett, A., O'Riordan, T., and Watkinson, A.. 2011. Sustainable Landscape Governance: Lessons from a Catchments Based Study in Whole Landscape Design. Landscape and Urban Planning 101(2):179–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wesselink, A., and Paavola, J.. 2008, August. WP1: Analysing Multilevel Water and Biodiversity Governance in Their Context. Report 5/2008. UFZ Discussion Papers. Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany, 27 pp. Available at http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/zbwufzdps/52008.htm.Google Scholar
Wondolleck, J.M., and Yaffee, S.L.. 2000. Making Collaboration Work. Lessons from Innovation in Natural Resource Management. Island Press, Washington, DC, 280 pp.Google Scholar
Zacchei, D., Battisti, C., and Carpaneto, G.M.. 2011. Contrasting Effects of Water Stress on Wetland-Obligated Birds in a Semi-natural Mediterranean Wetland. Lakes & Reservoirs: Research and Management 16(4):281–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar