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ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW & CASE STUDY: Evaluating the Significance of Certain Pharmaceuticals and Emerging Pathogens in Raw Water Supplies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2011

Frederick Bloetscher  and
Jeanine D. Plummer
Frederick Bloetscher*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Florida Atlantic University; and Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Boca Raton, Florida
Jeanine D. Plummer
Affiliation:
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Schwaber Professorship in Environmental Engineering, and Director, Environmental Engineering Program, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts
*
Frederick Bloetscher, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, Campus: Boca Campus, Office: EG36/Room 219, FAU, Civil, Environmental and Geomatics Engineering, 777 Glades Road–EG36/219, Boca Raton, FL 33431; (phone) 239-250-2423; (fax) 561-297-0493; (e-mail) [email protected]
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Abstract

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are environmental contaminants introduced by the activities of man. PPCPs are not new or emerging from the perspective of knowing about them, but they are of growing interest due to reports in the popular media on occurrence and environmental impacts. As a result, PPCPs may be deemed as emerging issues by the public and utilities. Likewise, the biological constituents are not new—but, for reasons that are unclear, certain ones appear to pose a greater risk to consumers today than they have in the past. Similarly, Cryptosporidium parvum did not appear to pose a risk until 400,000 people became ill, and approximately 100 people died of cryptosporidiosis in Milwaukee's water service area in 1993. Today, regulators and public health scientists are trying to identify microbes that pose a similar risk in the future. If these constituents occur in raw water supplies, they may need monitoring and treatment prior to these waters entering the potable water distribution system. The Contaminant Candidate List (CCL) developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency outlines a series of biological contaminants of concern that are not currently regulated but may pose a threat. Should these contaminants move from the CCL to a regulatory framework, water supply utilities will incur added monitoring and testing of their water supply sources, and potentially added monitoring and treatment costs in their operations.

Environmental Practice 13:198–215 (2011)

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Environmental Practice , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , September 2011 , pp. 198 - 215
Copyright
Copyright © National Association of Environmental Professionals 2011

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