Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T04:45:56.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Population, Environment, and Conflict*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Norman Myers
Norman Myers
Affiliation:
Consultant in Environment and Development, Upper Meadow, Old Road, Headington, Oxford 0X3 8SZ, England, UK.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Developing nations have yet to enter the projected main phase of their population explosion. Between 1950 and 1985 they increased their numbers by 1,980 million people, whereas between 1985 and 2020 the increase is projected to be 2,783 millions. If we exclude China from the reckoning, on the grounds of that country being well on the way to a zero-growth population, the figures are 1,486 millions and 2,415 millions.

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 14 , Issue 1 , Spring 1987 , pp. 15 - 22
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, T.P. (1981). The War of the Dispossessed: Honduras and El Salvador, 1969. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA: xii + 203 pp., maps.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P., Cameron, J. & Seddon, D. (1980). Nepal in Crisis. Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, UK: xii + 311 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Bongaarts, J. (1984). Implications of future fertility trends for contraceptive practice. Population and Development Review, 10, pp. 341–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, L.R. (and five others) (1986). State of the World. W.W. Norton, London, UK and New York, USA: xvii + 263 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Brown, L.R. & Wolf, E.C. (1985). Reversing Africa's decline. Worldwatch Paper No. 65, Worldwatch Institute, Washington, DC, USA: 56 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Choucri, N. (1983). Population and conflict: new dimensions of population dynamics. Policy Development Studies No. 8, United Nations Fund for Population Activities, New York, NY, USA: 47 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Choucri, N. (Ed.) (1984). Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Population and Conflict. Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York, NY, USA: xi + 220 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Choucri, N. (1986). Demographics and conflict. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 42, pp. 24–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, A.W. (1984). Address to the Board of Governors. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: 16 pp., typescr.Google Scholar
Cool, J.C. (1984). Factors Affecting Pressure on Mountain Resource Systems. Agriculture Development Council, Kathmandu, Nepal: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Diaz-Briquets, S. (1986). Conflicts in Central America: the Demographic Dimension. Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, USA: 16 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Dupuy, R.-J. (Ed.) (1983). Settlement of Disputes on Natural Resources. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands: xxiii + 487 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Durham, W. (1979). Scarcity and Survival in Central America. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, USA: xvii + 209 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P.R. & Ehrlich, A.H. (1986). World population crisis. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 42, pp. 13–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, P.R., Ehrlich, A.H. & Holdren, J.P. (1977). Ecoscience: Population, Resources, Environment. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco, California, USA: xi + 1051 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Falkenmark, M. (1986). Fresh water—time for a modified approach. Ambio, 15, pp. 192–200.Google Scholar
FAO (1984). Potential Population-supporting Capacities of Land in the Developing World. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Farer, T.J. (1979). War Clouds on the Horn of Africa. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, USA: viii + 116 pp., maps.Google Scholar
Futures Group, The (1985). The Effects of Population Factors on Social and Economic Development: Nigeria. The Futures Group, Washington, DC, USA: 51 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Galtung, J. (1982). Environment, Development and Military Activity: Towards Alternative Security Doctrines. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo, Norway: xi + 276 pp.Google Scholar
Gasser, W.R. (1981). Survey of Irrigation in Eight Asian Nations. Economics and Statistics Service, US Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Gendell, M. (1986). Population growth and labor absorption in Latin America 1970–2000. Pp. 49–78 in Saunders, J. (q.v.).Google Scholar
Goliber, T.J. (1985). Sub-Saharan Africa: Population Pressures on Development. Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, USA: 47 pp., illustr.Google ScholarPubMed
Gupta, K.M. & Bandhu, D. (Ed.) (1979). Man and Forests: A New Dimension in the Himalaya. Today and Tomorrow's Publishers, New Delhi, India: xxii + 329 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Harf, J.E. & Trout, B.T. (1986). The Politics of Global Resources: Energy, Environment, Population and Food. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, USA: xviii + 314 pp.Google Scholar
High Level Committee on Floods, Government of India (1983). Report on the Emergent Crisis. High Level Committee on Floods, Government of India, New Delhi, India: ix + 83 pp.Google Scholar
Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues (1985). Farming: A Man-made Disaster. Bellerive Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland: 160 pp., maps.Google Scholar
Joshi, S.C., Joshi, D.R. & Dani, D.D. (Eds) (1984). Rural Development in the Himalaya: Problems and Prospects. Gyanodara Prakashan Publishers, Nainital, India: xix + 384 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Kishk, M.A. (1986). Land degradation in the Nile Valley. Ambio, 15, pp. 226–30.Google Scholar
Lall, J.S. & Modie, A.D. (Eds) (1981). The Himalaya: Aspects of Change. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India: xix + 481 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Leonard, H.J. (1987). Natural Resources and Economic Development in Central America: A Regional Environmental Profile. Transaction Press, Rutgers, New Jersey, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Leroy, M. (1978). Population and World Politics: The Inter-Relationships Between Democratic Factors and International Relations. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands: [not available for checking].CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luckham, R. & Bekele, D. (1984). Foreign powers and militarism in the Horn of Africa. Review of African Political Economy, 30, pp. 8–20, and 31, pp. 7–28.Google Scholar
McNamara, R.S. (1984). The population problem: time bomb or myth. Foreign Affairs, 62, pp. 1107–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marden, P.G. (1982). Population in the Global Arena. Holt, Reinhart & Winston, New York, NY, USA: xii + 289 pp.Google Scholar
Mason, T.D. (1986). Population growth and the struggle for the hearts and minds of rural populations in Central America. Pp. 183–222 in Saunders, J. (q.v.).Google Scholar
Merrick, T.W. (1986). Population Pressures in Latin America. Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, USA: 51 pp., illustr.Google ScholarPubMed
Musgrove, P. (1986). Food supply and Latin American population growth: is this the right question? Pp. 97–123 in Saunders, J. (q.v.).Google Scholar
Myers, N. (Ed.) (1984). The Gaia Atlas of Planet Management. Doubleday, New York, NY, USA: 272 pages, illustr.Google Scholar
Myers, N. (1986). Environmental repercussions of deforestation in the Himalayas. Journal of World Forest Resource Management, 2, pp. 63–72.Google Scholar
Myers, N. (in press). The US Stake in the Global Environment. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA.Google Scholar
Pimentel, D. (and five others) (1986). Deforestation: interdependency of fuelwood and agriculture. Oikos, 46, pp. 404–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Population Reference Bureau (1986). 1986 World Population Data Sheet. Population Reference Bureau, Washington, DC, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Posner, J.L. & McPherson, M.F. (1982). Agriculture on the steep slopes of tropical America: the current situation and prospects. World Development, 10, pp. 341–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Repetto, R. & Holmes, T. (1983). The role of population in resource depletion in developing countries. Population and Development Review, 9, 609–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sai, F.T. (1984). Population factor in Africa's development dilemma. Science, 226: pp. 801–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sancholuz, L.L. (1984). Land Degradation in Mexican Maize Fields. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Saunders, J. (Ed.) (1986). Population Growth in Latin America and US National Security. Allen & Unwin, New York, NY, USA, and London, England, UK: xxvii + 305 pp.Google Scholar
Schramm, G. (1982). The Economics of Soil Conservation in a Semi-Arid Country: Mexico. School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA: 64 pp., mimeogr.Google Scholar
Shepherd, J. (1975). The Politics of Starvation. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, USA: xiii + 126 pp., map.Google Scholar
Sirageldin, I., Selkever, D. & Osborn, R. (Eds) (1983). Evaluating Population Programmes: International Experience with Cost-effectiveness Analysis and Cost-benefit Analysis. Croom Helm, London, England, UK, and New York, NY, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Soroos, M.S. (1985). The Environment in the Global Arena. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, USA: x + 388 pp.Google Scholar
Spears, J. & Ayensu, E.S. (1985). Resources, development, and the New Century: forestry. Pp. 299–335 in The Global Possible: Resources, Development, and the New Century (Ed. Repetto, R.). Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, USA: [not available for ckecking].Google Scholar
Starr, J. (1985). Egypt is African and Its Principal Problem is Water. Center for Strategic and International Studies, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA: [not available for checking], typescr.Google Scholar
Ullman, R.H. (1983). Redefining security. International Security, 8, pp. 129–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
U.N. Fund for Population Activities (1984). Population, Resources, Environment and Development: Background Papers for the Mexico City Conference on Population. United Nations Fund for Population Activities, New York, NY, USA: x + 534 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
US Civil Rights Commission (1986). Recent Activities Against Citizens and Residents of Asian Descent. US Civil Rights Commission, Washington, DC, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Westing, A.H. (Ed.) (1986). Global Resources and International Conflict. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, and London, England, UK: xii + 280 pp.Google Scholar
Westoff, C.F. & Pebley, A.R. (1984). The measurement of unmet need for family planning in developing countries. Pp. 11–36 in Survey Analysis For the Guidance of Family Planning Programs (Eds Ross, J. A. & McNamara, R.). International Union for the Scientific Study of Population, Liège, Belgium. [Not available for checking.]Google Scholar
Whiteford, S. & Montgomery, L. (1985). The political economy of rural transformation: a Mexican case. Pp. 147–64 in Micro and Macro Levels of A nalysis in A nthropology Issues in Theory and Research (Eds DeWalt, B.R. & Pelto, P.J.). Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA: [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Wiarda, H.J. (Ed.) (1984). The Crisis in Latin America: Strategic, Economic and Political Dimensions. American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, DC, USA: 32 pp.Google Scholar
Wiarda, H.J. (Ed.) (1986). Rift and Revolution: The Central American Imbroglio. American Enterprise Institute, Washington, DC, USA: xx + 392 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
World Bank (1984). World Development Report 1984. World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: xi + 286 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
World Bank (1985). Rapid population growth and human carrying capacity. Working Paper No. 690, The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: 89 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
World Bank (1986). Population Growth and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: ix + 67 pp., illustr.Google Scholar