Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T16:14:30.279Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Political Aspsects of Ecologically Sustainable Development

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Lynton K. Caldwell
Affiliation:
Arthur F. Bentley Professor of Political Science and Professor of Public and Environmental Affairs; Director, Advanced Studies in Science, Technology, and Public Policy, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.

Extract

In less than two decades, the concepts of limits to growth and of the necessity of an ecologically sustainable economic order have gained international recognition. These concepts are not yet understood by most people or most governments, but belief in the necessity for planning for a sustainable future is growing.

Several lines of strategy are necessary to obtain a truly global commitment to sustainable programmes of development that will simultaneously protect The Biosphere. Among those now undertaken are the World Conservation Strategy, the international environmental education movement formalized at Tbilisi in 1977, and the World Campaign for The Biosphere.

Educational efforts are necessary but insufficient to move the world into an ecologically sustainable mode of behaviour. Political action that reflects moral conviction roused by scientific information will also be necessary. Safeguarding the environmental future and The Biosphere requires a social commitment of a moral, quasi-religious character.

Type
Main Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allen, Robert N. (1972). The Anchicaya Hydroelectric Project in Columbia: Design and sedimentation problems. Pp. 318–42 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.)Google Scholar
Allen, Robert (1980). How to Save the World: Strategy for World Conservation. Barnes & Noble, Totowa, NJ, USA: 150 pp.Google Scholar
Ahmad, Yusuf J. (1981). Environmental concerns of the leastdeveloped countries. Mazingira, 5(3), pp. 20–9.Google Scholar
Anon. (1982). Declaration: The World Campaign for The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), pp. 91–2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baldwin, John H. & Sacks, Arthur B. (1984). The origin, evolution, and status, of the International Society For Environmental Education (ISEE). Environmental Conservation, 11(4), pp. 309–13.Google Scholar
Barducci, Teodoro Boza (1972). Ecological consequences of pesticides used for the control of cotton insects in Canete Valley, Peru. Pp. 423–38 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Berwick, E.J.H. (1969). The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources: Current activities and situation. Biological Conservation, 1(3), pp. 191–9.Google Scholar
Bockh, Alberto (1972). Consequences of uncontrolled human activities in the Valencia Lake Basin. Pp. 301–17 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Caldwell, Lynton K. (1972). An ecological approach to international development: Problems of policy and administration. Pp. 927–47 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Caldwell, Lynton K. (1984). International Environmental Policy: Emergence and Dimensions. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, USA: xv + 367 pp.Google Scholar
Capra, Fritjof & Spretnak, Carlene (1984). Green Politics. E.P. Dutton, New York, NY, USA: 244 pp.Google Scholar
Catton, William R. Jr (1980). Overshoot: The Ecological Basis of Revolutionary Change. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois, USA: xvii + 298 pp.Google Scholar
Coolidge, Harold J. (1949). The birth of a union. National Parks Magazine, 23 (0406), pp. 35–8.Google Scholar
Davis, Craig B. (1983). The World Council For The Biosphere/International Society For Environmental Education. Environmental Conservation, 10(4), pp. 353–4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckholm, Eric (1984). New York Times, 14 02, pp. 18 and 20; 21 February, p. 19.Google Scholar
Eiseley, Loren (1962). Francis Bacon and the Modern Dilemma. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA: 98 pp.Google Scholar
Environment Liaison Centre (1980). Environmental Activities of Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Related to UNEP Programmes: Report and Directory. Environment Liaison Centre, Nairobi, Kenya: 11 + 83 pp.Google Scholar
Farrington, Benjamin (1949). Francis Bacon: Philosopher of Industrial Science. Henry Schuman, New York, NY, USA: 202 pp.Google Scholar
Farvar, M. Taghi & Milton, John P. (Ed.) (1972). The Careless Technology: Ecology and International Development. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York, NY, USA: xxix + 1030 pp.Google Scholar
Fowles, John (1979). Seeing Nature whole. Harper's, 259, 11, pp. 4968.Google Scholar
George, Carl J. (1972). The role of the Aswan High Dam in changing the fisheries of the Southeast Mediterranean. Pp. 159–78 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Hartshorn, Gary S. (1961). El Salvador: An Ecological Disaster. Letter to Peter Martin, Executive Director, Institute of Current World Affairs, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA, 7 06, GHH-1.Google Scholar
International Council of Scientific Unions (cited as ICSU) (1971). Environmental Problems in the Developing Countries, Basic Issues: Summary of the Report Prepared by SCOPE in Cooperation with the Secretariat of the Conference, held at Canberra, Australia, August 24–September 3. (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment SCOPE.) Annex 2; and Regional Seminars on Development and Environment, Annex 3 [not available for checking].Google Scholar
Jorgenson, Harold T. (1972). Problems of tropical settlement—experiences in Colombia and Bolivia. Pp. 608–30 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Kassas, Mohamed (1972). Impact of river control schemes on the shoreline of the Nile Delta. Pp. 179–88 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Khambanonda, Chalermrath (1971). Thailand's Public Law and Policy for Conservation and Protection of Land: With Special Attention to Forests and Natural Areas. Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA: ix + 307, pp.Google Scholar
McNeil, Mary (1972). Lateric soils in distinct tropical environments: Southern Sudan and Brazil. Pp. 591608 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Marsh, George Perkins (1864). Man and Nature; or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. C. Scribner, New York, and Sampson Low, London: xix + 577 pp. (Edition edited by Lowenthal, David: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: xxix + 472 pp., 1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mumford, Lewis (1956). Summary remarks: Prospect. P.1149 in Thomas (q.v.).Google Scholar
Paterson, Antoinette Mann (1973). Francis Bacon and Socialized Science. Charles G. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, USA: ix + 191.Google Scholar
Pauling, Linus, Benavides, Felipe, Wahlen, Friedrich T., Kassas, Mohamed, Vohra, B.B. & Knox, George A. (1982). Open letter: To all who should be concerned. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), pp. 8990.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peeters, Leo (1968). Origen y Evolution de La Cuenca Lago de Valencia Venezuela. Instituto Para la Conservation del Lago de Valencia, Caracas, Venezuela: 66 pp + folded map—also issues of the journal El Lago, published by the Institute.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas (Ed.) (1972). The Environmental Future: Proceedings of the first International Conference on Environmental Future, held in Finland from 27 June to 3 July 1971. Macmillan, London & Basingstoke, England, and Barnes & Noble, New York, NY, USA: xiv + 660 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas [as ‘N.P.’] (1980 a). Editorial: Environmental education and The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 7(2), pp. 8990.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas. (1980 b). Suggested actions for the forthcoming World Decade of The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 7(4), pp. 271–7, fig.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas (Ed.) (1980 c). Growth Without Ecodisasters? Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Environmental Future (2nd ICEF), held in Reykjavik, Iceland, 5–11 June 1977. Macmillan, London & Basingstoke, England, and Halsted Press Division of John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA: xxvi + 675 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas [as ‘N.P.’] (1982 a). Editorial: Human aspirations, environmental care, and the much-needed world Decade of The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 9(1), pp. 78.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas [as ‘N.P.’] (1982 b). Editorial Statement: World Campaign for The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), p. 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas (1982 c). Our global environment and the World Campaign for The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), pp. 115–21, 2 figs.Google Scholar
Polunin, Nicholas (1984). Geneses and progress of the World Campaign and Council For The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 11(4), pp. 293–8, 2 figs.Google Scholar
Rüster, Bernd, Simma, Bruno & Bock, Michael (Ed.) (19751982). International Protection of the Environment: Treaties and Related Documents. Oceana Publications, Dobbs Ferry, New York, NY, USA: 27 Vols.Google Scholar
Schalie, Henry van der (1972). World Health Organization Project Egypt 10: A case-history of a Schistosomiasis project. Pp. 116–36 in Farvar & Milton (g.v.).Google Scholar
Talbot, Lee M. (1980). The world's conservation strategy. Environmental Conservation, 7(4), pp. 259–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, William L. Jr (1956). Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, USA: xxxviii + 1193, illustr.Google Scholar
Train, Russell E. (1972). P. xix in Farvar & Milton (q. v.).Google Scholar
UN Conference on Science and Technology for Development (1963). Report on the United Nations Conference on the Application of Science and Technology for the Benefit of the Less-developed Areas. United Nations, New York, NY, USA: 8 volumes. Note especially Vol. 8 (Plenary Proceedings) and Vol. 3 (Agriculture).Google Scholar
UN (1971). Development and Environment. Subject Area 5, A/Conf 48/10; Development and Environment: Report of a Panel of Experts Convened by the Secretary General of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, held at Founex, Switzerland, 4–12 June: 72 pp.Google Scholar
UN General Assembly (1974). United Nations Environment Programme—The Cocoyoc Declaration Adopted by the Participants in the UNEP/UNCTAD Symposium on ‘Patterns of Resource Use, Environment and Development Strategies.’ Held at Cocoyoc, Mexico, 8–12 10, A/C.2/292, 1 November 1974; 9 pp.Google Scholar
UNEP (1979). Meeting with Multilateral Development Financing Agencies to Adopt a Draft Declaration of Principles on the Incorporation of Environmental Considerations in Development Policies, Programmes, and Projects. Paris, 12–13 September, UNEP/GC.8/INF. (Nairobi: UNEP, 1 11 1979). [Not available for checking.]Google Scholar
UNESCO (19681969). Intergovernmental Conference of Experts on the Scientific Basis for Natural Use and Conservation of the Resources of the Biosphere. (Held at UNESCO House, Paris, 4–13 September 1968.) Final Report, UNESCO, Paris, France: 9 01 1969, SC/MD/9, 71 pp.Google Scholar
UNESCO (1978). Intergovernmental Conference on Environmental Education. (Held at Tbilisi, USSR, 14–26 October 1977.) Final Report, UNESCO, Paris, April, 51 pp., ED/MD/49, Annexes, and report in Uniterra, 9 (1011, 1977), pp. 18.Google Scholar
van der, Schalie, Henry—see Schalie, Henry van derGoogle Scholar
World Conservation Strategy (1980). World Conservation Strategy: Living Resource Conservation for Sustainable Development. IUCN-UNEP-WWF (obtainable from) World Conservation Centre, Avenue du Mont-Blanc, 1196 Gland, Switzerland, and UNEP, Nairobi, Kenya: special pack of brochures etc. totalling 50 printed pages., illustr.Google Scholar
Worthington, E. Barton (1972). The Nile catchment—technological change and aquatic biology. Pp. 189205 in Farvar & Milton (q.v.).Google Scholar
Worthington, E. Barton (1982). World Campaign for The Biosphere. Environmental Conservation, 9(2), pp. 93100.Google Scholar