Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T19:07:12.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Of biodiversity and boundaries: a case study of community-based natural resource management practice in the Cardamom Mountains, Cambodia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 September 2010

AMANDA LO CASCIO  and
RUTH BEILIN
AMANDA LO CASCIO
Affiliation:
Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, 3010Australia
RUTH BEILIN*
Affiliation:
Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, 3010Australia
*
*Correspondence: Dr Ruth Beilin e-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

In the Cardamom Ranges (Cambodia) community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) is proposed by the international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) community as a natural resource management strategy to achieve the targeted outcomes associated with the protected area (PA) management plan. Local people are expected to participate in CBNRM projects such as community forestry (CF) in order that the protected area management plan can be realized. The experiences of the local people are juxtaposed against the aims of these local biodiversity projects. Overall, it is accepted by the NGOs and government agencies that communities need to be involved in the design and management of the PA and that the protection of biodiversity resources can only occur with the provision of alternatives for local livelihood options to decrease land clearing for agriculture and harvesting of wild foods and animals. This case points to a basic misalignment between biodiversity conservation and CBNRM. Participants in this study contested the meaning and usefulness of the PA and the CF projects. Their concerns were cultural, social, economic and political, exposing uneven relations of power and uncertainty associated with the long term outcomes. Participation itself required scrutiny in this situation, as did the promotion of a global biodiversity ‘good’ over local understandings of place and landscape. Lessons from more than 20 years of participatory CBNRM may be used to reconfigure the CBNRM ideal, to assist planners and implementers towards an integrated approach with biodiversity values reflected in both conservation and local production systems, acknowledging that these systems are culturally constituted.

Keywords

biodiversity conservationcommunity-based natural resource managementlandscapeparticipationprotected area management
Type
THEMATIC SECTION: Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM): designing the next generation (Part 2)
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 37 , Issue 3: Thematic section. Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM): Designing the next generation (Part 2) , September 2010 , pp. 347 - 355
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agrawal, A. (1999) Enchantment and disenchantment: the role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development 27 (4): 629–649.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blaikie, N. (2000) Designing Social Research: the Logic of Anticipation. Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P. (2006) Is small really beautiful? Community-based natural resource management in Malawi and Botswana. World Development 34 (11): 1942–1957.Google Scholar
Borrini-Feyerabend, G., Farvar, M.T., Nguinguiri, J.C. & Ndangang, V. (1997) Co-management of Natural Resources: Organising, Negotiating and Learning by Doing. Heidelberg, Germany: IUCN and GTZ.Google Scholar
Brockington, D., Duffy, R. & Igoe, J. (2008) Nature Unbound: Conservation, Capitalism and the Future of Protected Areas. London, UK: Earthscan Publications.Google Scholar
Bryant, R.L. (2002) Non-governmental organizations and governmentality: consuming biodiversity and indigenous people in the Philippines. Political Studies 50 (2): 268–292.Google Scholar
CARERE2 (2001) Reconciliation Program Report 1996–2001. Cambodian Centre for Conflict Resolution, (CCCR) and the Cambodian Development Resource Institute (CDRI), CARERE2, Cambodia.Google Scholar
Chambers, R. (2002) Participatory Workshops: A Sourcebook of 21 Sets of Ideas and Activities. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.Google Scholar
Christ, H. (1999) Participatory land use planning in Cambodia. Proceedings of the Introductory Workshop 14–15 September 1999. Department of Forestry and Wildlife, Phnom Penh, Cambodia [www document]. URL http://www.mekonginfo.org/mrc_en/article.nsf/0/c90600ba5c3a6ac3c72567fa0030e3d8?OpenDocumentGoogle Scholar
Dore, E. (1996) Capitalism and ecological crisis: legacy of the 1980s. In: Green Guerrillas: Environmental Conflicts and Initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean, ed. Collinson, H., pp. 8–19. London, UK: Latin America Bureau.Google Scholar
Dryzek, J. (1997) The Politics of the Earth: Environmental Discourses. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
FFI (2000) Fauna and Flora International. Biological survey of the Cardamom Mountains, South Western Cambodia [www document]. URL http://www.fauna-flora.org/asiapacific_cardamom_mountains.phpGoogle Scholar
Hart, M. (1999) Guide to Sustainable Community Indicators. Second edition. North Andover, MA, USA: Sustainable Measures.Google Scholar
Igoe, J. & Brockington, D. (2007) Neoliberal conservation: a brief introduction. Conservation and Society 5 (4): 432–449.Google Scholar
IFPRI (2009) Global hunger index. The challenge of hunger: focus on financial crisis and gender inequality, ed. Von Grebmer, K., Nestorova, B., Quisumbing, A., Fertziger, R., Fritschel, H., Pandya-Lorch, R. & Yohannes, Y.. Deutsche Welthungerhilfe (German AgroAction)/International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)/Concern Worldwide [www document]. URL http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ghi09.pdfGoogle Scholar
IIED (2008) Sustainable financing of protected areas in Cambodia: Phnom Aural and Phnom Samkos wildlife sanctuaries, ed. Grieg-Gran, M., De la Harpe, D., McGinley, J., MacGregor, J. & Bond, I.. Discussion Paper 08–01, IIED [www document]. URL http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdfs/15512IIED.pdfGoogle Scholar
Jepson, P. & Canney, S. (2003) Values-led conservation. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 271–274.Google Scholar
Kusters, K., Achdiawan, R., Belcher, B. & Ruiz Pérez., M. (2006) Balancing development and conservation? An assessment of livelihood and environmental outcomes of nontimber forest product trade in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Ecology and Society 11 (2): 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusters, K., De Foresta, H., Ekadinata, A. & Van Noordwijk, M. (2007) Towards solutions for state vs. local community conflicts over forest land: the impact of formal recognition of user rights in Krui, Sumatra, Indonesia. Human Ecology 35: 427–438.Google Scholar
Petheram, R.J. (2000) Tools for Participatory R&D. RIRDC Publication 00//132, Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
Poffenberger, M., McGean, B., Ravindranath, N.H. & Gadgil, M. (1992) Field Methods Manual Volume I and II. New Delhi, India: Society for Promotion of Wastelands Development.Google Scholar
Pressey, R.L. (1995) Crown jewels or leftovers? Search 26: 47–51.Google Scholar
Pretty, J.N., Guit, I., Scoones, I. & Thompson, J. (1995) A Trainers Guide for Participatory Learning and Action. London, UK: IIED.Google Scholar
Ribot, J.C. (2004) Waiting for Democracy: The Politics of Choice in Natural Resource Decentralization. Washington, DC, USA: World Resources Institute.Google Scholar
Smith, J.D., ed. (2001) Biodiversity, the Life of Cambodia. Cambodian Biodiversity Status Report 2001. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Cambodia Biodiversity Enabling Activity.Google Scholar
Solano, P. (2003) Globalisation and decentralisation: the role of legal frameworks. The Peruvian Society for Environmental Law. Proceedings of the World Parks Conference 2003 [www document]. URL http://www.earthlore.ca/clients/WPC/English/sessions.htmGoogle Scholar
UNCED (1992) Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992. United Nations General Assembly A/CONF.151/26 (Vol. I) [www document]. URL http://www.un.org/documents/ga/conf151/aconf15126-1annex1.htmGoogle Scholar
UNDP (2004) Project of the Government of Cambodia. Project Support Document. Project number; PIMS 2177. Establishing Conservation Areas Landscape Management (CALM) [www document]. URL http://www.un.org.kh/undp/index2.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=132&Itemid=74Google Scholar
UNDP/CARERE (1999) Cambodia area rehabilitation and regeneration. A UNDP project in support of the Royal Government's Seila Programme. Annual Project Report. UNDP/CARERE Work Plan. UNDP/CARERE, Phnom Penh, Cambodia [www document]. URL http://mirror.undp.org/carere/database/carlib/docs/SPE/PPER/APR99-final.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNDP/GEF (2003) Local business for global biodiversity conservation, ed. A. Bovarnick & A. Gupta [www document]. URL www.undp.org/gef/documents/publications/localbus_globalbdconserv.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations Environment Programme (1992) The Convention on Biological Diversity. [www document]. URL http://www.cbd.int/convention/convention.shtmlGoogle Scholar
Uphoff, N. (1998) Community-based natural resource management: connecting micro and macro processes, and people with their environment. Presented at the International Workshop on CBNRM, Washington, DC, USA, 10–14 May 1998 [www document]. URL www.cbnrm.net/pdf/uphoff_001.pdfGoogle Scholar
Virtanen, P. (2003) Local management of global values: community- based wildlife management in Zimbabwe and Zambia. Society and Natural Resources 16: 179–190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Web, E.J., Campbell, D.T., Schawrtz, R.D. & Sechrest, L. (1966) Unobtrusive Measures: Nonreactive Research in the Social Sciences. Chicago, IL, USA: Rand McNally.Google Scholar
Wells, M. & Brandon, K. (1992) People and Parks: Linking Protected Area Management with Local Communities. Washington, DC, USA: The International Bank of Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank.Google Scholar
West, P. (2006) Conservation is Our Government Now: The Politics of Ecology in Papua New Guinea. Durham and London, UK: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
World Bank Group (2000) Biodiversity and protected areas management. Project ID: P052006. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Project Documentation [www document]. URL http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=40941&menuPK=228424&Projectid=P065798Google Scholar
Zakri, A.H. (2000) Global governance of biological diversity. International Conference on the United Nations and Global Governance in the New Millennium. United Nations University [www document]. URL www.unu.edu/millennium/zakri.pdfGoogle Scholar