Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:07:47.891Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecosystem model predictions of fishery and conservation trade-offs resulting from marine protected areas in the East China Sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2008

HONG JIANG ,
HE-QIN CHENG ,
WILLIAM J.F. LE QUESNE ,
HAI-GEN XU ,
JUN WU ,
HUI DING  and
FRANCISCO ARREGUÍN-SÁNCHEZ
HONG JIANG
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China200062
HE-QIN CHENG*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, China200062
WILLIAM J.F. LE QUESNE
Affiliation:
School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Newcastle, Ridley Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
HAI-GEN XU
Affiliation:
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, State Environmental Protection Administration of China, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China210042
JUN WU
Affiliation:
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, State Environmental Protection Administration of China, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China210042
HUI DING
Affiliation:
Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, State Environmental Protection Administration of China, 8 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing, China210042
FRANCISCO ARREGUÍN-SÁNCHEZ
Affiliation:
Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN, Apdo Postal 592, La Paz, 23000, Baja California Sur, México
*
*Correspondence: Dr He-Qin Cheng e-mail-[email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The East China Sea (ECS) supports a highly productive fishery and is rich in biodiversity, but economic development in China and peripheral countries has led to intensifying anthropogenic impacts in the ECS. In response to this the Chinese government has introduced a range of marine spatial management measures. A spatial ecosystem model (Ecospace) of the ECS was developed to examine (1) the likely nature of trade-offs between fishery and conservation goals resulting from the marine protected areas (MPAs) and (2) possible trade-offs within the fishery sector resulting from the MPAs. The results suggest that overall the fishery has benefited from all of the simulated MPAs, whereas, although they defy categorical interpretation, effects of the MPAs on biodiversity and ecosystem structure are variable. Simultaneous application of several metrics of ecosystem status indicates that the perceived effect of an MPA on ecosystem status can depend on which metrics for ecosystem status are used, and how these metrics are interpreted. The simulations indicate that a fisheries and conservation outcome beneficial to all is possible, but not guaranteed, with the creation of an MPA. Total landings and profitability are predicted to have increased as a result of each of the MPAs, albeit at the cost of reduced landings and profits to some sectors of the fishery. This study demonstrates the benefits of the additional information relating to biodiversity, ecosystem structure and within fishery dynamics available from spatial ecosystem models compared to the single species models typically used to examine MPA effects. However, the use of a more complex ecosystem model introduces additional uncertainty in model interpretation.

Keywords

East China SeaEcospacefisherymarine protected areastrade-offs
Type
Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , June 2008 , pp. 137 - 146
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abesamis, R.A., Alcala, A.C. & Russ, G.R. (2006 a) How much does the fishery at Apo Island benefit from spillover of adult fish from the adjacent marine reserve? Fishery Bulletin 104: 360–375.Google Scholar
Abesamis, R.A., Russ, G.R. & Alcala, A.C. (2006 b) Gradients of abundance of fish across no-take marine reserve boundaries: evidence from Philippine coral reefs. Aquatic Conservation. Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16: 349–371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beattie, A., Sumaila, U.R., Christensen, V. & Pauly, D. (2002) A model for the bioeconomic evaluation of marine protected area size and placement in the North Sea. Natural Resource Modelling 15: 413–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bianchi, G., Gislason, H., Graham, K., Hill, L., Jin, X., Koranteng, K., Manickchand-Heileman, S., Payá, I., Sainsbury, K., Sanchez, F. & Zwanenburg, K. (2000) Impact of fishing on size composition and diversity of demersal fish communities. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 558–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blyth-Skyrme, R.E., Kaiser, M.J., Hiddink, J.G., Edward-Jones, G. & Hart, P.J.B. (2006) Conservation benefits of temperate marine protected areas: variation among fish species. Conservation Biology 20: 811–820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bohnsack, J.A. (1998) Application of marine reserves to reef fisheries management. Australian Journal of Ecology 23: 298–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botsford, L.W. (2005) Potential contributions of marine reserves to sustainable fisheries: recent. modeling results. Bulletin of Marine Science 76: 245–259.Google Scholar
Bureau of Aquaculture and the East China Sea Fishery Management Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Stockbreeding and Fishery of People's Republic of China (1987) Marine Fishery Resources Investigation and Division of the Area of the East China Sea. Shanghai, China: East China Normal University Press: 661 pp. (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Chen, W.Z., Zheng, Y.Z., Chen, Y.Q. & Mathews, C.P. (1997) An assessment of fishery yields from the East China Sea ecosystem. Marine Fisheries Review 59: 1–7.Google Scholar
Cheng, H.Q., Jiang, H., Xu, H.G., Wu, J., Ding, H., Le Quesne, W.J.F. & Arreguín-Sánchez, F. (2007) Spatial resources and fishery management framework in the East China Sea. In: INCOFISH Ecosystem Models: Transiting from Ecopath to Ecospace, ed. Quesne, W.J.F. Le, Arreguín-Sánchez, F. & Heymans, S.J.J., pp. 87–97. Canada: University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre Research Reports 15(6).Google Scholar
Cheng, J.H., Lin, L.S., Ling, J.Z., Li, J.S. & Ding, F.Y. (2004) Effects of summer close season and rational utilization on redlip croaker (Larimichthys polyactis Bleeker) resource in the East China Sea Region. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 11: 554–560 (in Chinese, with English summary).Google Scholar
Cheng, J.H., Zhang, Q.H., Li, S.F., Zhen, Y.J. & Li, J.S. (2006) Fishery Resource Utilization in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Science and Technology Press: 326 pp. (in Chinese).Google Scholar
Christensen, V. (1995) Ecosystem maturity: towards quantification. Ecological Modelling 77: 3–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, V. & Walters, C.J. (2004 a) Ecopath with Ecosim: methods, capabilities and limitations. Ecological Modelling 172: 109–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christensen, V. & Walters, C.J. (2004 b) Trade-offs in ecosystem-scale optimization of fisheries management policies. Bulletin of Marine Science 74: 549–562.Google Scholar
Christensen, V., Walters, C.J. & Pauly, D. (2005) Ecopath with Ecosim: a User's Guide, November 2005 Edition, pp. 132–136. Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.Google Scholar
Denny, C.M. & Babcock, R.C. (2004) Do partial marine reserves protect reef fish assemblages. Biological Conservation 116: 119–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dufour, V., Jouvenel, J.Y. & Galzin, R. (1995) Study of a Mediterranean reef fish assemblage. Comparisons of population distributions between depths in protected and unprotected areas over one decade. Aquatic Living Resources 8: 17–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2006) FAO Yearbook of Fishery Statistics. Rome, Italy: FAO.Google Scholar
Farrow, S. (1996) Marine protected areas: emerging economics, Marine Policy 20: 439–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gong, G.C., Chen, L.Y.L. & Liu, K.K. (1996) Chemical hydrography and chlorophyll a distribution in the East China Sea in summer: implications in nutrient dynamics. Continental Shelf Research 16: 1561–1590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guénette, S., Lauck, T. & Clark, C. (1998) Marine reserves: from Beverton and Holt to the present. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 8: 251–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpern, B.S. (2003) The impact of marine reserves: do reserves work and does reserve size matter? Ecological Application 13: S117–S137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halpern, B.S. & Warner, R.R. (2002) Marine reserves have rapid and lasting effects. Ecology Letters 5: 361–366.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmelin, J.G. (2000) Mediterranean marine protected areas: some prominent traits and promising trends. Environmental Conservation 27: 104–105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, D.R. (2006) When do marine reserves increase fishery yield? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 63: 1445–1449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hastings, A. & Botsford, L.W. (1999) Equivalence in yield from marine reserves and traditional fisheries management. Science 284: 1537–1538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hatcher, B.G. (1998) Can marine protected areas optimize fishery production and biodiversity preservation in the same ecosystem? Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 50: 493–502.Google Scholar
Jiang, H., Cheng, H.Q., Xu, H.G., Arreguín-Sánchez, F., Zetina-Rejon, M.J., del Monte-Luna, P. & LeQuesne, W.J.F. (2008) Trophic controls of jellyfish blooms and links with fisheries in the East China Sea. Ecological Modeling 212: 492–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kellner, J.B., Tetreault, I., Gaines, S.D. & Nisbet, R.M. (2007) Fishing the line near marine reserves in single and multispecies fisheries. Ecological Applications 17: 1039–1054.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kempton, R.A. & Taylor, L.R. (1976) Models and statistics for species diversity. Nature 262: 818–820.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larkin, P.A. (1996) Concepts and issues in marine ecosystem management. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 6: 139–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Quesne, W.J.F., Arreguín-Sánchez, F., Albañez-Lucero, M., Cheng, H.Q., Escalona, V.H.C., Daskalov, G., Ding, H., Rodríguez, E.G., Heymans, S.J.J., Jiang, H., Lercari, D., López-Ferreira, C., López-Rocha, J.A., Mackinson, S., Pinnegar, J.K., Polunin, N.V.C., Wu, J., Xu, H.G. & Zetina-Rejón, M.J. (2008) Ecosystem effects of selected marine protected areas with Ecospace spatial ecosystem models. Canada: University of British Columbia, Fisheries Centre Research Reports 16(2): 67 pp.Google Scholar
Liu, Z.F. & Zhou, Y.D. (2000) Effect analysis of summer-fishing-off institution in the East China Sea. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science) 19: 144–148 (in Chinese, with English summary).Google Scholar
Magurran, A.E. (1988). Ecological Diversity and Its Measurement. London, UK: Chapman & Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maury, O. & Gascuel, D. (1999) SHADYS (‘simulateur halieutique de dynamiques spatiales’), a GIS based numerical model of fisheries. Example application: the study of a marine protected area. Aquatic Living Resources 12 (2): 77–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosqueira, I., Côté, I.M., Jennings, S. & Reynolds, J. (2000) Conservation benefits of marine reserves for fish populations. Animal Conservation 4: 321–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murawski, S. A. (2000) Definitions of overfishing from an ecosystem perspective. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 649–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odum, E. P. (1971) Fundamentals of Ecology. Philadelphia, PA, USA: W.B. Saunders.Google Scholar
Pauly, D., Christensen, V., Dalsgaard, J., Froese, R. & Torres, F.J. (1998) Fishing down marine foodwebs. Science 279: 860–863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauly, D., Cheristensen, V., Guenette, S., Pitcher, T.J., Sumaila, U.R., Walters, C.J., Watson, R. & Zeller, D. (2002) Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418: 689–695.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pelletier, D. & Mahévas, S. (2005) Spatially explicit fisheries simulation models for policy evaluation. Fish and Fisheries 6: 307–349.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piet, G.J. & Jennings, S. (2005) Response of potential fish community indicators to fishing. ICES Journal of Marine Science 62: 214–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, J.C. (2000) Evaluating fishery impacts using metrics of community structure. ICES Journal of Marine Science 57: 682–688.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, C.M., Hawkins, J.P. & Gell, F.R. (2005) The role of marine reserves in achieving sustainable fisheries. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 360:123–132CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rochet, M.J. & Trenkel, V.M. (2003) Which community indicators can measure the impact of fishing? A review and proposals. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 60: 86–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodwell, L., Barbier, E.B., Roberts, C.M. & McClanahan, T. (2003) The importance of habitat quality for marine reserve-fishery linkages. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 60: 171–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russ, G.R. & Alcala, A.C. (1996) Marine reserves: rates and patterns of recovery and decline of large predatory fish. Ecological Applications 6: 947–961.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stelzenmüller, V., Maynou, F. & Martín, P. (2007) Spatial assessment of benefits of a coastal Mediterranean Marine Protected Area. Biological Conservation 136: 571–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumaila, U.R. & Armstrong, C.W. (2006) Distributional and efficiency effects of marine protected areas: a study of northest Atlantic cod fishery. Land Economics 82: 321–332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sumaila, U.R., Guénette, S., Alder, J. & Chuenpagdee, R. (2000) Addressing the ecosystem effects of fishing using marine protected areas. ICES Journal of Marine Science 7: 752–760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walters, C.J., Pauly, D. & Christensen, V. (1999) Ecospace: predictions of mesoscale spatial patterns in trophic relationships of exploited ecosystems, with emphasis on the impacts of marine protected areas. Ecosystems 2: 539–554.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willis, T.J., Millar, R.B., Babcock, R.C. & Tolimieri, N. (2003) Burdens of evidence and the benefits of marine reserves: putting Descartes before des horse? Environmental Conservation 30: 97–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worm, B., Barbier, E.B., Beaumont, N., Duffy, J.E., Folke, C., Halpern, B.S., Jackson, J.B.C., Lotze, H.K., Micheli, F., Palumbi, S.R., Sala, E., Selkoe, K.A., Stachowicz, J.J. & Watson, R. (2007) Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services. Science 314: 787–790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wroblewski, J.S., Kryger-Hann, L.K., Methven, D.A. & Haedrich, R.L. (2007) The fish fauna of Gilbert Bay, Labrador: a marine protected area in the Canadian Subarctic Coastal Zone. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87: 575–587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, H.X., Liu, Z.F. & Zhou, Y.D. (2003) Variation of Trichiurus haumela productivity and recruitment in the East China Sea. Journal of Fisheries of China 27: 322–327 (in Chinese, with English summary).Google Scholar
Yan, L.P., Ling, J.Z., Li, J.S., Lin, L.S. & Cheng, J.H. (2006) Simulative analysis on results of summer close fishing in the East China Sea with Ricker population dynamic pool model. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China 13: 85–91 (in Chinese, with English summary).Google Scholar
Zeller, D. & Reinert, J. (2004) Modelling spatial closures and fishing effort restrictions in the Faroe Islands marine ecosystem. Ecological Modelling 172: 403–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, Y.J., Chen, X.Z., Cheng, J.H., Wang, Y.L., Shen, X.Q., Chen, W.Z. & Li, C.S. (2003) Living Resources and Environments within the East China Sea Continental Shelf. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Science and Technology Press: 852 pp. (in Chinese).Google Scholar