Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:30:46.815Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A World in Balance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

Arthur H. Westing
Arthur H. Westing
Affiliation:
Professor of Ecology and Dean of Natural Science, Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, U.S.A.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The attempt is made here to provide an approximation of the number of people that the world can support in the light of three constraints: (a) provision for a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of everyone, (b) consideration for wildlife and Nature, and (c) reliance on existing levels of technology and politics. In fact, two alternative standards of living are suggested, ‘affluent’ (based on the standard of the 27 richest nations in the world) and ‘austere’ (based on the standard of the 43 next most wealthy nations in the world).

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 8 , Issue 3 , Autumn 1981 , pp. 177 - 183
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1981

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anon. (1975). Face of poverty. Ceres, 8(3), pp. 18–20.Google Scholar
Brown, L. R. (1978). Twenty-ninth Day: Accommodating Human Needs and Numbers to the Earth's Resources. W. W. Norton, New York, NY: xiii + 363 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, L. R. (1979). Resource Trends and Population Policy: A Time for Reassessment. WorldWatch Institute Paper No. 29, Washington, DC: 56 pp.Google Scholar
Brown, L. R. (1980). Food or Fuel: New Competition for the World's Cropland. WorldWatch Institute Paper No. 35, Washington, DC: 44 pp.Google ScholarPubMed
Curry-Lindahl, K. (1972). Let Them Live: A Worldwide Survey of Animals Threatened with Extinction. Wm Morrow, New York, NY: xix + 394 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Curry-Lindahl, K. (1979–1980). Is aid for developing countries destroying their environment? Oryx, 15, pp. 133–7.Google Scholar
Eckholm, E. P. (1976). Losing Ground: Environmental Stress and World Food Prospects. W. W. Norton, New York, NY: 223 pp.Google Scholar
Ehrenfeld, D. (1978). Arrogance of Humanism. Oxford University Press, New York, NY: ix + 286 pp.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. R., Ehrlich, A. H. & Holdren, J. P. (1977). Ecoscience: Population, Resources, Environment. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco, California: xv + 1051 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Fisher, J., Simon, N. & Vincent, J. (1969). Wildlife in Danger. Viking, New York, NY: 368 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Greenway, J. C. Jr. (1967). Extinct and Vanishing Birds of the World, 2nd edn.Dover Publications, New York, NY: xvi + 520 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Hulett, H. R. (1970). Optimum world population. BioScience, 20, pp. 160–1.Google Scholar
IMF (International Monetary Fund) (1977). Note on classification of countries. IMF Survey, 6, p. 254.Google Scholar
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (cited as IUCN) (1980). The World Conservation Strategy. Main report, IUCN, 1196 Gland, Switzerland: 50 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
McHale, J. & McHale, M. C. (1977). Basic Human Needs: A Framework for Action. Transaction Books, New Brunswick, NJ: 249 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Morris, M. D. (1979). Measuring the Condition of the World's Poor: The Physical Quality of Life Index. Pergamon Press, New York, NY: xiv + 176 pp.Google Scholar
Myers, N. (1979). The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species. Pergamon, Oxford, England, UK: xiii + 307 pp.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. (1970). Optimum population and environment: a Georgian microcosm. Current History, 58, pp. 355–9, 365–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pimentel, D. & Pimentel, M. (1979). Food, Energy and Society. Edward Arnold, London, England, UK: viii + 165 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Pirages, D. & Ehrlich, P. R. (1972). If all Chinese had wheels. New York Times, 16 03, p. 47.Google Scholar
Polunin, N. (1980). Suggested actions for the forthcoming ‘World Decade of the Biosphere’. Environmental Conservation, 7(4), pp. 271–7.Google Scholar
Reutlinger, S. & Selowsky, M. (1976). Malnutrition and poverty: magnitude and policy options. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Washington, DC, World Bank Staff Occasional Paper No. 23, xiv + 82 pp.Google Scholar
Singer, S. F. (1971). Environmental quality: When does growth become too expensive? Pp. 156–72 in Is there an Optimum Level of Population? (Ed. Singer, S. F.). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY: xiv + 426 pp.Google Scholar
Stone, C. D. (1972). Should trees have standing? Toward legal rights for natural objects. Southern Calif. Law Rev., 45, pp. 450–501.Google Scholar
UN (United Nations) (1977). World Population Prospects as Assessed in 1973. UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Study No. 60, New York, NY: 183 pp.Google Scholar
UN (United Nations) (1979). World Population Trends and Prospects by Country, 1950–2000: Summary Report of the 1978 Assessment. UN Department of International Economic and Social Affaires, Publ. No. ST/ESA/SER.R/33, New York, NY: 98 pp.Google Scholar
UNGA (United Nations General Assembly) (1948). Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Resolution No. 217 (111) A of 10 Dec. 1948 in United Nations Yearbook 1948–49, pp. 535–7.Google Scholar
Westing, A. H. (1969). How dense can Vermonters get? Vermont Freeman, 1 (22), pp. 10–1.Google Scholar
Westing, A. H. (1980). Warfare in a Fragile World: Military Impact on the Human Environment. Taylor & Francis, London, England, UK: xiv + 249 pp.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H. & Likens, G. E. (1975). Biosphere and Man. Pp. 305–28 in Primary Productivity of the Biosphere. (Ed. Lieth, H. & Whittaker, R. H.). Springer-Verlag, W. Berlin, W. Germany: viii + 339 pp., illustr.Google Scholar
Ziswiler, V. (1967). Extinct and Vanishing Animals: A Biology of Extinction and Survival (trans, from the German and revised by F. & P. Bunnell). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY: x + 133 pp., illustr.Google Scholar