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Rapid Population Growth and Environmental Degradation: Ultimate versus Proximate Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 August 2009

R. Paul Shaw
R. Paul Shaw
Affiliation:
Senior Population and Development Economist, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), 220 East 42nd Street, New York, NY 10017, USA
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Extract

Among twenty-one representatives of as many nations comprising the World Commission on Environment and Development, there was unanimous agreement on all issues concerning the environment, except two—the causal significance of population growth, and what to do with Antarctica. The lack of consensus on population is symptomatic of widespread confusion not only in the theoretical and empirical literature, but also among advocates of population control.

This paper argues that confusion stems from insufficient attention to the nature of the causes involved. Broadly speaking, there are two kinds—ultimate and proximate. Ultimate causes include polluting technologies, affluence-related wastes, environmental consequences of warfare, land and urban mismanagement policies, and so on. In contrast, proximate causes such as rapid population growth are shown to be more situation-specific, contemporary, and of a confounding nature.

Type
Main Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 16 , Issue 3 , Autumn 1989 , pp. 199 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 1989

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