Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T10:24:10.276Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

How the Future Shaped the Past: The Case of the Cashless Society

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2015

Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The future matters to business history, because the adoption of new technology and new organizational forms has often been driven by acceptance of a collective sense of what the future will be. Investments are made and strategies set on an industry-wide basis, influenced by the predictions of business consultants, industry groups, and futurists. To explore the part played by the future in shaping the past, we focus on the establishment and early acceptance of the idea of a rapid and inevitable transition to a “cashless society” in the US retail financial services industry during the 1960s and 1970s. Our aim is thus to advance a methodological point rather than to arrive at a definitive conclusion about the future of money.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2013. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Business History Conference. All rights reserved.

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Anderson, Allan J. Kennedy, Bradley Cannell, Donald T. Gibbons, Terrance A. Grote, Peter G. Henn, John Muir, Michael B. Potter, Norman D. Whitby, Robert H. An Electronic Cash and Credit System. New York: American Management Association, 1966.Google Scholar
Andrews, Kenneth R The Concept of Strategy. Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 1987.Google Scholar
Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo Maixé-Altés, Joan Carles Thomes, PaulTechnological Innovation in Retail Finance: International Historical Perspectives.” In Routledge International Studies in Business History, edited by Kipping, Matthias Stokes, Ray London and New York: Routledge, 2011.Google Scholar
Baxter, Raymond Burke, James Tomorrow’s World. London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1970.Google Scholar
Bellamy, Edward Looking Backward. London: William Reeves, 2000 (1888)Google Scholar
Berkeley, Edmund C Giant Brains or Machines That Think. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1949.Google Scholar
Bijker, Weibe E. Hughes, Thomas P. Pinch, Trevor The Social Construction of Technology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1989.Google Scholar
Clarke, Arthur C 2001: A Space Odyssey. New York: New American Library, 1968.Google Scholar
Flichy, P The Internet Imaginaire. Boston, MA: MIT Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Heinlein, Robert A Beyond This Horizon. Reading, PA: Fantasy Press, 1948.Google Scholar
Hock, Dee Ward One from Many: Visa and the Rise of the Charodic Organization. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler, 2005.Google Scholar
Nocera, Joseph A Piece of the Action: How the Middle Class Joined the Money Class. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994.Google Scholar
Sargent, Thomas J. Velde, François R. The Big Problem of Small Change Princeton Economic History of the Western World . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Stearns, David L Electronic Value Exchange: Origins of the Visa Electronic Payment System. London: Springer, 2011.Google Scholar
Thomas, Robert Joseph What Machines Can’t Do: Politics and Technology in the Industrial Enterprise. Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Turner, Fred From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.Google Scholar
Wolman, David The End of Money: Counterfeiters, Preachers, Techies, Dreamers—and the Coming Cashless Society. Boston, MA: Da Capo Press, 2012.Google Scholar
Yates, JoAnne Structuring the Information Age. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005.Google Scholar
Yavitz, Boris Automation in Commercial Banking. New York: Free Press, 1967.Google Scholar

Articles and Chapters

Bátiz-Lazo, BernardoEmergence and Evolution of ATM Networks in the UK, 1967–2000.Business History 51, no. 1 (2009):127.Google Scholar
Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo Maixé-Altés, J. C.“Managing Technological Change by Committee: Adoption of Computers in Spanish and British Savings Banks (Circa 1960–1988).Revista de Historia Industrial 47 (November 2011): 117–50.Google Scholar
Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo Wardley, PeterBanking on Change: Information Systems and Technologies in UK High Street Banking, 1919–1969.Financial History Review 14, no. 2 (2007):177205.Google Scholar
Bloomfield, Brian P. Vurdubakis, TheoThe Vision Thing: Constructing Technology and the Future in Management Advice.” In Critical Consulting: New Perspectives on the Management Advice Industry, edited by Clarke, Timothy Robin, Fincham 115–29 Blackwell: Oxford, 2002.Google Scholar
Brooke, PhillipNew NBI Debit Card Is Named Entrée.American Banker (August 1975): 1.Google Scholar
Brown, James EThe Case for Shared Terminals.Banking (October 1972): 20.Google Scholar
Checkless Society Check.Banking (May 1967): 115.Google Scholar
‘Checkless Society’ Moves toward the Drawing Board.Banking (August 1967): 93.Google Scholar
Connell, CarollReforming the World Monetary System: How Fritz Machlup Built Consensus among Business Leaders and Academics Using Scenario Analysis.Journal of Management History 17, no. 1 (2011):5065.Google Scholar
Credit: Toward a Cashless Society.Time, November 5 1965.Google Scholar
de Jonquieres, GuyThe Cashless Society Comes Closer.Financial Times, October 6 1972.Google Scholar
Diebold, JohnWhen Money Grows in Computers.Columbia Journal of World Business (November–December 1967): 3946.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, Paul J. Powell, Walter W.“The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.American Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (1983):147–60.Google Scholar
———., The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields.American Sociological Review 48, no. 2 (1983):147–60.Google Scholar
Friedman, Walter AThe Harvard Economic Service and the Problems of Forecasting.History of Political Economy 41, no. 1 (2009):5788.Google Scholar
Haigh, T. Inventing Information Systems: The Systems Men and the Computer, 1950–1968. Business History Review 75, no. 1 (Spring 2001): 1561.Google Scholar
Head, Robert VThe Checkless Society.Datamation (1966):2227.Google Scholar
Hudson, MThe Role of Accounting in Civilization’s Economic Takeoff.” In Creating Economic Order, edited by Hudson, M. Wunsh, C. Bethesda, MD: CDL Press, 2004.Google Scholar
Kim, JongchulHow Modern Banking Originated: The London Goldsmith’s Bankers Institutionalization of Trus.Business History 53, no. 6 (2011):939–59.Google Scholar
Kling, Rob Iacono, S.“The Mobilization of Support for Computerization: The Role of Computerization Movements.Social Problems 35, no. 3 (1988):226343.Google Scholar
Kramer, Robert L. Livingston, Putnam W.“Cashing in on the Checkless Society.Harvard Business Review (September–October 1967): 141–49.Google Scholar
Leavitt, Harold J. Whisler, Thomas L.“Management in the 1980s.Harvard Business Review 36, no. 6 (1958):4148.Google Scholar
Lee, NorrisTomorrow’s Checkless, Cashless Society: The Problems, the Solutions, the Benefits.Management Review (September 1967): 5862.Google Scholar
Martin, IanBritain’s First Computer Centre for Banking: What Did This Building Do?” In Technological Innovation in Retail Finance: International Historical Perspectives, edited by Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo Maixé-Altés, Joan Carles Thomes, Paul 3770 London: Routledge, 2011.Google Scholar
———., ‘Too Far Ahead of Its Time’: Britain, Burroughs and Real-Time Banking in the 1960s.IEEE Annals in the History of Computing 34, no. 2 (2012): 519.Google Scholar
Mitchell, GeorgeEffects of Automation on the Structure and Function of Banking.American Economic Review 56, no. 1 (1966):159–66.Google Scholar
———., Governor Mitchell Considers Tomorrow’s Banking.Banking (December 1966): 3334.Google Scholar
Osborn, Roddy FGE and Univac: Harnessing the High-Speed Computer.Harvard Business Review 32, no. 4 (1954):99107.Google Scholar
Owen, KennethBank Technology: It’s an All-Computed Cash Dispensing World.The Times, November 5 1971.Google Scholar
Parker, R. HBookkeeping Barter and Current Cash Equivalents in Early New South Wales.Abacus 18, no. 2 (1982):139–51.Google Scholar
Pollock, N. Williams, R.“The Business of Expectations: How Promissory Organizations Shape Technology and Innovation.Social Studies of Science 40, no. 4 (2010):525–48.Google Scholar
Reed, JohnThe Case for Own-Your-Own.Banking (October 1972): 20.Google Scholar
Reistad, DaleThe Coming Cashless Society.Business Horizons (Fall 1967): 2332.Google Scholar
Riday, John WBanks in a ‘Checkless Society’.Banking (October 1968): 5052.Google Scholar
———., The Checkless Society.Banking (September 1968): 4950.Google Scholar
Sayers, R. SComputers and Money: The Fullest Use of Computers in Banking and Finance Could Open the Way to a Cashless Society.New Scientist (1965):1315.Google Scholar
Spencer, RayTowards the Cashless, Chequeless Society.Financial Times, October 20 1969.Google Scholar
When We Achieve a Nationwide Electronic Funds Transfer System.Banking (May 1974): 2932.Google Scholar
Worthington, SteveThe Cashless Society.International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 23, no. 7 (1995):3140.Google Scholar
Yates, JoAnneEarly Interactions Between the Life Insurance and Computer Industries: The Prudential’s Edmund C. Berkeley.IEEE Annals of the History of Computing 19, no. 3 (1997).Google Scholar

Papers and Reports

Bátiz-Lazo, Bernardo Karlsson, Tobias Thodenius, BjörnBuilding Bankomat: The Development of On-Line, Real-Time Systems in British and Swedish Savings Banks, C.1965–1985.Association of Business Historians Annual Conference,Liverpool 2009.Google Scholar
Baxter, Raymond Burke, James“Tomorrow’s World.” London: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1970.Google Scholar
Diebold Group. “Summary Report of a Survey on the Impact of Electronics on Money and Credit.” c. 1966.Google Scholar
Friedman, Walter A. “Irving Fisher, Economic Forecasting and the Myth of the Business Cycle.” Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-037, 2008.Google Scholar
Gregory, Robert Herbert, JacobsA Study of the Transfer of Credit in Relation to the Banking System.” MIT Dynamic Analysis and Control Laboratory Report no. 87, 1954.Google Scholar
Jack, LisaFuture Making in Farm Management Accounting: The Australian ‘Blue Book’.Association of Business Historians Annual Conference Aston,2012.Google Scholar
Visa Debit Card Service: A Digest of Key Research Findings.San Francisco, CA: National BankAmericard Incorporated, 1977.Google Scholar
Watson, Thomas J. JrMan and Machines—the Dynamic Alliance.” Paper presented at the Proceedings of the National Automation Conference,San Francisco, CA,1965.Google Scholar