Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-4rdrl Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T13:23:35.306Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

A Comparison of the Postal Telegraph Movement in Great Britain and the United States, 1866–1900

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 February 2015

Extract

This article places the British and American postal telegraph movements in the broader context of a transatlantic reform tradition. More specifically, British nationalization in 1870 gave American reformers both a rallying point and a rationale for postalizing the telegraphs. The legacies of both movements were mixed. In Britain, the postal telegraph provided inexpensive and accessible service, but it soon ran a large deficit and retarded the development of the telephone industry. In the United States, reformers failed to nationalize the telegraph or to secure a place in historical memory, but they succeeded in pressuring Western Union to provide better service, and they provided the impetus for the municipal ownership movement of the Progressive Era.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Enterprise and Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Books

Adams, Henry C. Relation of the State to Industrial Action. Baltimore,Md.,,1887.Google Scholar
Baker, E. C. Sir William Preece, F.R.S: Victorian Engineer Extraordinary. London,1976.Google Scholar
Barker, Charles Albro.Henry George. New York,1955.Google Scholar
Bensel, Richard.Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859-1877. New York,1990.Google Scholar
Ely, Richard T. An Introduction to Political Economy. New York,1889.Google Scholar
Ely, Richard T. Monopolies and Trusts. New York,1902.Google Scholar
George, Henry.Social Problems. New York,1883.Google Scholar
Hill, Nathaniel P. Speeches and Papers on the Silver, Postal Telegraph, and Other Economic Questions. Colorado Springs, Colo.,1890.Google Scholar
Hunt, Gaillard.Israel, Elihu, and Cadwallader Washburn: A Chapter in American Biography. New York,1925.Google Scholar
Jevons, W. Stanley.Methods of Social Reform and Other Papers. London,1883.Google Scholar
John, Richard R. Spreading the News: The American Postal System from Franklin to Morse. Cambridge, Mass.,1995.Google Scholar
Johnston, Robert W. The Telegraph and Its Proposed Acquisition by the Government. Edinburgh,1867.Google Scholar
Keller, Morton.Affairs of State: Public Life in Late Nineteenth Century America. Cambridge,Mass.,1977.Google Scholar
Kieve, Jeffrey.The Electric Telegraph in the U.K.: A Social and Economic History. New York,1973.Google Scholar
Meyer, Hugo Richard.The British State Telegraphs: A Study of the Problem of a Large Body of Civil Servants in a Democracy. New York,1907.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart.On Liberty. 1859;New York,1947.Google Scholar
Mill, John Stuart.Principles of Political Economy, 6th ed.London,1873.Google Scholar
Novak, William J. The People’s Welfare: Law and Regulation in Nineteenth-Century America. Chapel Hill,N.C.,1996.Google Scholar
Parsons, Frank.The City for the People. Philadelphia,1901.Google Scholar
Parsons, Frank.The Telegraph Monopoly. Philadelphia,1900.Google Scholar
Perry, C. R. The Victorian Post Office: The Growth of a Bureaucracy. London,1992.Google Scholar
Rodgers, Daniel T. Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age. Cambridge, Mass.,1998.Google Scholar
Skowronek, Stephen. Building a New American State: The Expansion of National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920. New York,1982.Google Scholar
Taylor, Arthur J. Laissez-Faire and State Intervention in Nineteenth-Century Britain. London,,1972.Google Scholar
Thompson, Robert Luther.Wiring a Continent: The History of the Telegraph Industry in the United States, 1832-1866. Princeton,N.J.,1947.Google Scholar
Bartrip, P W. J.State Intervention in Mid-Nineteenth Century Britain:Fact or Fiction?” Journal of British Studies 23 (Fall1983):6383.Google Scholar
“Cheap Telegrams,” Blackwood’s Magazine 137 (May1885):707–12.Google Scholar
Ely, Richard T.The Telegraph Monopoly.” North American Review (July1889),4453.Google Scholar
Green, Norvin.The Government and the Telegraph,” North American Review (Nov.1883),422–34.Google Scholar
Holcombe, A. N.The Telephone in Great Britain.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 21 (Nov.1906):96135.Google Scholar
Hubbard, Gardiner G.Government Control of the Telegraph.” North American Review (Dec.1883),521–35.Google Scholar
Hubbard, Gardiner G.The Proposed Changes in the Telegraphic System.” North American Review (July1873),80107.Google Scholar
John, Richard R.The Politics of Innovation.” Daedalus 127 (Fall1998):187213.Google Scholar
Newcomb, Simon. “The Problem of Economic Education.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 8 (July1893):375–99.Google Scholar
Preece, William H.American Telegraph System.” Journal of the Society of Telegraph Engineers 7 (13 Feb.1878):2251.Google Scholar
Telegraphic Progress in America.” The Telegraphic Journal 3 (15 Nov.1875):268.Google Scholar
Western Union Annual Reports. 1869 and1873.New York.Google Scholar
Williams, R. Price.The Question of the Reduction of the Present PostalTelegraph Tariff.” Journal of the Statistical Society of London 44 (March1881):130.Google Scholar
Wynter, Andrew. “The Electric Telegraph.” Quarterly Review 95 (1854):118–64.Google Scholar
Argument of William Orton on the Postal Telegraph Bill . . .” New York,1874.Google Scholar
Eckert, Thomas T.Memorandum Concerning the Petitions of Typographical Unions, Printers, and Others for a Government Telegraph.” NewYork,1894.Google Scholar
Report of Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Convention of the American Federation of Labor.” Chicago,1893.Google Scholar
Special Report by the I.T.U. Committee on Governmental Ownership and Control of the Telegraph.Washington, D.C.,1894.Google Scholar
Speech of Charles A. Sumner of California in the House of Representatives, Saturday, February 28, 1885.Washington, D.C.,1885.Google Scholar
Speech of Charles A. Sumner of California, in the House of Representatives, Saturday, March 8, 1884.Washington, D.C.,1884.Google Scholar
Wanamaker, John. “An Argument in Support of the Limited Post and Telegraph.Washington, D.C.,1890.Google Scholar
Argument by P. B. Delany, Postal Telegraphy by the Machine System. 13 and 20 May1896. 54th Csong., 1st sess., S. Doc.291.Google Scholar
Connecting the Telegraph with the Postal Service. 19 Dec.1872. 42d Cong., 3d sess., S. Rep.242.Google Scholar
Magnetic Telegraph from Baltimore to New York. 3 March1845. 28th Cong., 2d sess., H. Rep.187.Google Scholar
Memorial of Gardiner G. Hubbard in Relation to the Postal Telegraph. 19 Feb.1873. 42d Cong., 3d sess., S. Misc. Doc79.Google Scholar
Postal Telegraph. 24 Feb.1869. 40th Cong., 3d sess., H. Rep.32.Google Scholar
Postal Telegraph in the United States. 5 July1870. 41st Cong., 2d sess., H.Rep.114.Google Scholar
Proceedings of the Committee on Appropriations in the Matter of the Postal Telegraph. 28 Jan.1873. 42d Cong., 3d sess., H. Misc. Doc.73.Google Scholar
Reduction of Rates of Telegraphic Correspondence. 22 Jan.1872. 42d Cong., 2d sess., S. Rep.20.Google Scholar
A Report of G. G. Hubbard . . . Relative to the Establishment of a Cheap System of Postal Telegraph. 11 Jan.1869. 40th Cong., 3d sess., H. Doc.35.Google Scholar
Report of the Postmaster General. 18 Nov.1871. 42d Cong., 2d sess., Ex. Doc. 1, Part4.Google Scholar
Report on Postal Telegraph. 27 May1884. 48th Cong., 1st sess., S. Rep.577.Google Scholar
Telegraphs for the United States. 11 Dec.1837. 25th Cong., 2d sess., H. Doc.15.Google Scholar
Union of the Telegraph and Postal System. 18 May1868. 40th Cong., 2d sess., H. Misc. Doc.129.Google Scholar
U. S. Senate. Education and Labor Committee. Report upon the Relations between Labor and Capital. 4 vols.Washington, D.C.,1885.Google Scholar
Fischer, Henry C., andPreece, William H.. “Joint Report upon the American Telegraph System.” Manuscript in British Post Office Archives,London.1877.Google Scholar
President’s Letterbooks, Western Union Collection, Archives Center,National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution,Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Vail Telegraph Collection,Smithsonian Institution Archives,Washington, D.C.Google Scholar