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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 October 2008
Girard enunciated in 1625 the following celebrated theorem, which is associated with the name of Fermat:
Every prime of the form 4m + 1 is the sum of two squares in one way only, and no prime of the form 4m - 1 is a factor of the sum of two squares that are not both multiples of that prime.