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Diversity of State-Religion Relations and European Union Unity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 July 2008

Gerhard Robbers
Gerhard Robbers
Affiliation:
Professor of Public Law, University of Trier
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There is no single system of state-religion relations within Europe which is equal to another. Each one is distinct. Many countries know a number of different systems within themselves, as does the United Kingdom, Germany or France. The presence of history is strongest perhaps in this field of life. Tradition and truth, emotion and identity flourish in this field. Future law on religion in Europe is best built on strong regional structures. This paper reports on three aspects of state-religion relations in Europe: What is the situation in Germany? What does the United Kingdom look like from the continent? And what about Europe?

Type
Articles
Information
Ecclesiastical Law Journal , Volume 7 , Issue 34 , January 2004 , pp. 304 - 316
Copyright
Copyright © Ecclesiastical Law Society 2004

References

1 Cf Statistisches Jahrbuch der Bundesrepublik Deustschland, 1993, p 68, pp 105; data for 1991/1987.Google Scholar

2 Cf Joseph Listl (ed), Konkordate und Kirchenverträge in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 2 vols, 1987.Google Scholar

3 Cf also art 136 WRV in conjunction with art 140 GG, art 4, 33, para 3 GG.Google Scholar

4 Cf BVerfGE 52, p 223.Google Scholar

5 Cf BVerfGE 83, p 341.Google Scholar

6 Cf BVerfGE 42, 312/334; 66, 1/20.Google Scholar

7 Cf BVerfGE 70, 138/162 with further references.Google Scholar

8 Cf BVerfGE 70, p 138.Google Scholar

9 Cf BVerfGE 70, p 138; EKMR, 12242/86, decision of 06.09.1989.Google Scholar

10 § 118 BetrVerfG; § 1 IV MitbestG.Google Scholar

11 Cf BVerfGE 53, pp 366/400.Google Scholar

12 Some Evangelical Landeskirchen (Nordelbien, Berlin-Brandenburg) have instead concluded collective bargaining agreements for their employees.Google Scholar