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XXVII.—The Forest of Wyre and the Titterstone Clee Hill Coal Fields.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

Extract

The investigations recorded in this communication were begun some years ago, and arose chiefly as the result of two papers published on the Geology of the Forest of Wyre by Mr T. C. Cantrill, B.Sc.

In the latter paper Mr Cantrill, after carefully summarising all the available data respecting the age of the so-called “Permian” of the Forest of Wyre (= Enville), arrives at the following conclusions:—

I. That these “Permian” rocks are of the same age as those at Hamstead in South Staffordshire.

II. That the Hamstead red rocks were shown by their flora to be Upper Coal Measures.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1917

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References

page 999 note * “A Contribution to the Geology of the Wyre Forest Coalfield, and of the Surrounding District,” 8vo, Kidder-minster, 1895; “On the Occurrence of Spirorbis-Limestone and Thin Coals in the so-called Permian Rocks of Wyre Forest; with Considerations as to the Systematic Position of the ‘Permians' of Salopian Type,” Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. li, p. 528, 1895.

page 999 note † Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. li, p. 547.

page 1000 note * Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxvi, p. 63, 1891. See especially pp. 65 and 68.

page 1000 note † Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc. Edin., vol. xii, p. 228, 1894.

page 1000 note ‡ See Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxi, 1905, p. 320.

page 1000 note § Memoirs of the Geological Survey of England and Wales: The Geology of the North Staffordshire Coalfields, 1905, p. 51.

page 1001 note * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxi, p. 320, 1905.

page 1001 note † See Göppert, , Floram fossilem Formationis Transitionis = Die fossile Flora des Übergangsgebirges, Breslau, 1852.Google Scholar

page 1001 note ‡ The coal field is included in the Old Series One-Inch Geological Maps, Sheets 61 S.E. (1852–55, revised 1868) and .55 N.E. (1853–55), and in the New Series One-Inch Ordnance Maps, Sheets 167 and 182. It covers parts of Shropshire, Worcestershire, and Staffordshire.

page 1006 note * Trans. Manch. Geol. Soc., vol. x (1870–71), p. 37.

page 1006 note † Geol. Mag., 1871, pp. 200–208, 363–371; Ibid., 1873, pp. 138, 348. Colliery Guardian, vol. xxii (July–Dec. 1871), pp. 580, 605, 633, 659. Trans. Fed. Inst. Min. Eng., vol. vii (1893–4), pp. 287–301, 577–580; vol. viii (1894–5), pp. 356–360.

page 1007 note * “A Contribution to the Geology of the Wyre Forest Coalfield,” 8vo, 1895, p. 19. See also “The Wyre Forest Coalfield,” Colliery Guardian, vol. lxxi, 1896, p. 351.

page 1008 note * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. li (1895), p. 528; Colliery Guardian, vol. lxxiii, 1897, p. 581.

page 1008 note † Summary of Progress of the Geol. Survey for 1901, p. 63 (1902).

page 1009 note * Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1910, pp. 611–613 (1911).

page 1009 note † Summary of Progress for 1904 (Mem. Geol. Surv.), pp. 150, 151 (1905); Ibid., for 1905, pp. 172–174 (1906). Also Trans, Inst. Min. Eng., vol. xlv (1912–13), pp. 30–48.

page 111 note * “On the Fossil Floras of the Wyre Forest, with Special Reference to the Geology of the Coalfield and its Relationships to the Neighbouring Coal Measure Areas,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., series B, vol. cciv, pp. 336–445 (1914).

page 1017 note * “A Contribution, etc.,” 1895, p. 18.

page 1023 note * Similar to the isolated sporangia described Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 1, p. 131, pl. x, figs. 5, 5a, 1914.

page 1024 note * Coal Flora, pl. cix, fig. 12. (Pr. 1216; R.E. 131.)

page 1027 note * Both forms of Sphen. obtusiloba Brongt., the Sphen. Schummanni Stur and Sphen. striata Gothan, occur here.

page 1027 note † This specimen is the Sphen. (Diplothmema) Richthofeni Stur, Farne: Carb. Flora d. Schatz. Schichten, pl. xxv, figs. 6, 7 (non fig. 5.) (Non pl. xxxv, fig. 1, at right margin.) See Gothan, , Oberschlesische Steinkohlen Flora, i Theil, p. 28, 1913.Google Scholar

page 1027 note ‡ This cone, though incomplete at either end, was 10 cm. long.

page 1028 note * See Jongmans, and Kukuk, , “Die Calamariaceen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlenbeckens,” Mededeelingen van's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden, No. 20 (1913), p. 32.Google Scholar

page 1030 note † See Weiss, , Steinkohl. Calamarien, part i, p. 105, pl. v, 1876.Google Scholar

page 1030 note ‡ Sterzei, , VII Bericht d. Naturw. Gesell. zu Chemnitz, 1881, p. 238.Google Scholar See also Jongmans, , Anleitung, i, p. 349, 1911.Google Scholar

page 1030 note § Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxv, p. 313, plate, figs. 1, 1a, 1888.

page 1030 note ║ Vers., i, fasc. iv, p. 16; ii, p. 74, pl. xix, figs. 1 and 3.

page 1030 note ¶ See Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxv, p. 313, pl. figs. 1, 1a, 1888.

page 1032 note * Specimens indicated by a * are preserved in the collections made by Dr Arber, now in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.

page 1034 note * K/233.

page 1036 note * Lapworth, and Watts, , “Shropshire,” in Geology in the Field, 8vo, 1910, p. 739.Google Scholar

page 1036 note † The Etruria Marl Group of North Staffordshire.

page 1036 note ‡ l.c., p. 429.

page 1036 note § I unite with this species the Sphenopteris (Diplothmema) Schumanni Stur (Die Farne: Carb. Flora d. Schatz. Schichten, p. 352, pl. lxv, fig. 2) and the Sphenopteris striata Gothan (“Oberschlesische Steinkohlenflora,” i Theil, p. 24, pl. v, figs. 3, 3a, pl. vi, figs. 3, 3a, Abhandl. Geol. Landesanstalt, Neue Folge, Heft 75, 1913). The distinctive characters of the latter are, I believe, entirely due to the condition of preservation of the specimens. Both forms occur here. See Kidston, , Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 1, part i, p. 78, 1914.Google Scholar

page 1037 note * Specimens indicated by a * are preserved in the collections made by Dr Arber, now in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.

page 1037 note † See Jongmans, and Kukuk, , “Die Calamariaceen des Rheinisch-Westfälischen Kohlenbeckens,” Mededeelingen van's Rijks Herbarium, Leiden, No. 20 (1913), p. 12.Google Scholar

page 1038 note * Specimens indicated by a * are preserved in the collections made by Dr Arber, now in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.

page 1038 note † Goal Flora, pl. cix, fig. 12.

page 1039 note * Specimens indicated by a * are preserved in the collections made by Dr Arber, now in the Sedgwick Museum, Cambridge.

page 1040 note * Zeiller, l.c., figs. 2, 3.

page 1040 note † Végét. foss. terr. houil. de la Belgique, p. lxix, fig. 6, 1848.

page 1040 note ‡ See Kidston, , Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 1, p. 172, pl. x, figs. 1–3, 1914.Google Scholar

page 1041 note * K/2066.

page 1041 note † Jongmans, Anleitung, i, pp. 258 and 263.

page 1041 note ‡ See Jongmans, and Kikuk, , Calamariaceen d. Rhein. Wesifäl. Kohlenbeckens, p. 42, pl. xvi, figs. 1, 2, 5, 1913.Google Scholar

page 1041 note § Flora des Rothl. von Thüringen, p. 162, pl. xxiv, figs. 4, 5, 1893.

page 1041 note ║ Asterophyllites radiiformis, Weiss, Foss. Flora d. jüngst. Stk. u. Rothl., p. 129, pl. xii, fig. 3.

page 1041 note ¶ Bassin houil. el perm, de Blanzy et du Creusot, p. 138, 1906.

page 1043 note * Weiss, Steinkohl. Calamaren, Heft i, pl. vi, fig. 5.

page 1043 note † Mitt. d. Naturforschenden Gesell. in Bern, Jahrg. 1893, p. 5.

page 1043 note ‡ Steinkohl. Calamarien, Heft i, pl. ix, figs. 3, 4, and 6.

page 1044 note * Bronn, in Bischoff, l.c., pl. iv, fig. 4, 1828; copied by Brongniart, Hist. d. végét. foss., p. 119, pl. xii, fig. 16. Bronn's specimen is certainly specifically distinct from the other specimens which Brongniart includes under the name of Equisetum infundibuliforme (=Macrostachya infundibuliformis).

page 1044 note † “Contributions à la flore fossile du terrain houil. du Donetz,” part i, Bull, Gomitxé géol. (St Pétersbourg), vol. xxvi, p. 359, pl. xiii, fig. 6a; pl. xvi, figs. 1, 2, 3, 1907; Ibid., part ii, p. 424, pl xxi, fig. 5, 1907.

page 1044 note ‡ Geol. Survey of Illin., vol. iv, p. 421, pl. xix, figs. 1,2 (right-hand fig.), 3–5, 1870; Coal Flora, p. 57, pl. lvi, fig. 5.

page 1045 note * Fig. 4 is formed of Nos. Pr. 1256 and 1257, which are now joined together, and fig. 5 of Nos. Pr. 1258 and 1259.

page 1046 note * Figs. 3 and 3a have been placed on the plate in inverted position.

page 1047 note * Scott, , “On a New Type of Sphenophyllaceous Cone (Sphenophyllum fertile) from the Lower Coal Measures,” Phil. Trans., ser. B, vol. cxcviii, p. 17, pls. iii–v, 1905.Google Scholar

page 1049 note * Hist. d. végét. foss., p. 533, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3; pl. clxiii, fig. 3.

page 1049 note † Ibid., p. 451, pl. cxlix, fig. 1.

page 1049 note ‡ See Kidston, , Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. 1, p. 140, pl. xii, figs. 2–4, 1914.Google Scholar

page 1051 note * In Renier, , Documents pour l'étude de la paléont. du terr. houil., pl. xxix, 1910.Google Scholar

page 1052 note * The Sigillaria distans, Geinitz, , Darstellung d. Flora d. Hainiehen Ebersdorfer, etc., p. 61, pl. xiii, figs. 4–6, 1854Google Scholar, does not belong to Sauveur's species.

page 1052 note † Le terr. houil. du Nord de la France, p. 42, pl. iii, figs. 4 and 4 bis.

page 1052 note ‡ Flore foss. bassin houil. d. Valen., pp. 521 and 525.

page 1053 note * Hist. d. végét. foss., p. 471, pl. cxliii.

page 1053 note † See ante, p. 1050, pl. iii, figs. 2, 3.

page 1054 note * Brongniart, Hist. d. vegét. foss., p. 470, pl. cxlii; Zeiller, Flore foss. bassin houil. d. Valen, p. 556, pl. lxxxiv, figs. 4–6.

page 1055 note * Zeiller, Flore foss. bassin houil. d. Valen., p. 532.

page 1057 note * “Contribution à l'étude du Carbonifère du Nord de la France,” Mém. Soc. Géol. du Nord, vol. vii, part ii, p. 733, pl. vi, fig. 9, 1913.

page 1057 note † Lesquereux, Geol. of Pennsyl., vol. ii, part ii, p. 871, pl. xiii, fig. 4; Coal Flora, p. 470, pl. lxxiii, fig. 17.

page 1058 note * Kidston, , Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxvii, p. 558, pl. i, fig. 1, 1893.Google Scholar

page 1058 note † Lepidodendron laricinum Sternb., Essai flore monde prim., vol. i, fasc. i, pp. 23 and 25, pl. xi, figs. 2–4.

page 1058 note ‡ Cardiocarpon annulatum, Geol. Survey of Ohio, vol. i, part ii, “Palæont.,” section iii, p. 374, pl. xliii, figs. 8, 8a.

page 1059 note * Dyas, pl. xxxi, fig. 16.

page 1060 note * Geinitz, Vers. de Steinkf. in Sachsen.

page 1060 note † Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxiii, pl. xxiii, fig. 5.

page 1060 note ‡ Geol. Survey of Ohio, vol. i, part ii, “Palæont.,” section iii, p. 373, pl. xliii, fig. 9 (non? 9a), 1873.

page 1061 note * Fruct. et semin., p. 22, pl. i, fig. 17, 1848.

page 1061 note † Foss. Flora d. jüngst. Stk. u. Rothl., p. 206.

page 1061 note ‡ Foss. Flora perm. Form., pl. xxix, fig. 19.

page 1061 note § See Kidston, Cordaicarpus Cordai (non Geinitz), “Foss. Plants, Canonbie, etc.,” Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xl, pl. i, figs. 12, 13.

page 1061 note ║ Göpp. in Berger, Fruetibus, etc., pl. ii, fig. 206.

page 1063 note * Boulay, , Rech. d. paléont. végét. d. terr. houil. du Nord, p. 34, 1879.Google Scholar

page 1063 note † Zeillbr, , Flore foss. bassin houil. d. Valen., p. 647, 1888.Google Scholar

page 1063 note ‡ K/1373–1375.

page 1064 note * By Clee Hill is meant the mass generally called Titterstone Clee in the Midlands, though on the Ordnance map and in local usage the name “Titterstone” is confined to the north-western portion. The Brown Clee Hill is not included in the present description.

page 1064 note † The terms Upper and Lower Avonian are retained for the present at least, though they are nearly, if not quite, synonymous with the Visean and Tournaisian of the Continent.

page 1064 note ‡ DrVaughan, A., Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxvii (1911), pp. 367, 368, 542, 543.Google Scholar

page 1064 note § Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxi (1905), pp. 252–254.

page 1065 note * E. E. L. Dixon, in “The Country around Tenby and Pembroke,” Mem. Geol. Surv., in preparation.

page 1065 note † Goode, , Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. lxix, p. 252, 1913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 1070 note * In Geol. Mag. for 1871, p. 363, and in subsequent papers.

page 1070 note † T. C. Cantrill, “A Contribution, etc.,” 1895, p. 19; Coll. Guard., vol. lxxi, 1896, p. 351; DrGibson, W.Trans. Inst. Mining Eng., vol. xlv, 19121913, p. 30.Google Scholar

page 1070 note * Dixon, E. E. L., Rep. Brit. Assoc. (Sheffield, 1910), 1911, p. 611.Google Scholar

page 1072 note * No. G.S. 5195A.

page 1072 note † No. G.S. 5093A.

page 1072 note ‡ Fossil Flora, vol. ii, pl. cxlix, 1835.

page 1072 note § No. G.S. 5231.

page 1075 note * Phil. Trans., l.c., p. 418.

page 1077 note * Cheilanthites meifolius β trifidus, Göpp., Syst. fil. foss., p. 241, pl. xv, figs. 3, 4, 1836; Calymmotheca trifida, Stur, Carb. Flora d. Schatz. Schicht.: Die Farne, p. 255, pl. xxxi, fig. 4; pl. xxxvi, fig. 3, 1885.

page 1078 note * Stur, l.c.

page 1078 note † Gibson, Summary of Progress for 1904, pp. 150–151, 1905; Ibid., for 1905, pp. 172–3, 1906.

page 1078 note ‡ Trans. Institute of Mining Engineers, vol. xlv, part i, pp. 30–48, 1913.

page 1078 note § The specimens are preserved in the collection of the Geological Survey of England—numbers J.P. 4222–4556.

page 1081 note * Coal Flora, vol. iii, p. 737, pl. xcv, figs. 1, 1a, 1884.

page 1081 note † See Neuropteris Blissi Lesqx., Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. xxxvii, p. 329, pl. i, figs. 3, 3a, 1893.

page 1081 note ‡ Arber, l.c., p. 409.