Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T06:21:14.110Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

XVI.—On Abnormal Teeth in Certain Mammals, especially in the Rabbit

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

W. C. M'Intosh
W. C. M'Intosh
Affiliation:
Emeritus Professor of Natural History, Gatty Marine Laboratory, University of St Andrews.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The importance of teeth in the classification of animals, from the days of Aristotle, Ray, Linnæus, Erxleben, Hunter, and their numerous successors, caused the occurrence of abnormalities to be frequently noted. Such, indeed, are found in many groups, e.g. in the Primates, Lemurs, Carnivores, Rodents, Ungulates, Sirenians, Edentates, and Marsupials. Whilst the main subject of this investigation was abnormal teeth in the rabbit, it was thought right to glance at the other groups of mammals, including various rodents besides the rabbit, so as to give greater breadth to the observations. Less attention, perhaps, was paid to the diminution or increase in the number of the teeth in the general groups than to their abnormality in structure or position.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 56 , Issue 2 , 1930 , pp. 333 - 407
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1930

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Paullini, , Logographia curiosa, seu leporis descriptio, juxla methodium, etc., conspersa, mit 1 Titel, Kpfr. 8. Aug. Findel. 1691. Laur. Kroniger. 32 and 408 pp.Google Scholar
1a.Thunberg, C. F., Denkschr. d. Königl. Akad. Wiss., zu München, Bd. ix, p. 185, 2 figs., 1823–1824 (1825).Google Scholar
2.Ritgen, F. F. A., “Ueber einige Eigenthümlichkeiten in Ban der Beutelthiere,” in Hlensinger's Zeitsch. f. organ. Phys., Bd. ii, p. 371, 1828.Google Scholar
2a.Jenyns, Rev. L. (and Dr Farrar), London's Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. ii, p. 134, vol. iii, p. 27, 1829 and 1830.Google Scholar
3.Blainvilie, H. M. De, Sur quelques anomal. du Syst. Dent, dans les Mammifères, 2 pls., Paris, 1832.Google Scholar
3a.Blainvilie, H. M. De, In London's Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. vi, p. 391, fig.s. 50a and 50b, 1833.Google Scholar
4.Blainvilie, H. M. DeAnn. Françoisis et étrang. d'Anat. et Physiol., Paris, 1832, p. 300.Google Scholar
5.Saint-Hilaire, Geoffroy, “Mém. sur les dents antér. do rongcurs, etc.,” Mém. Acad. Sc. Paris, t. 12, pp. 181–222, 1833.Google Scholar
6.Ruppell, C.., Ed., “On the Existence of Canine Teeth in Antilope montana,” Rep. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., vol. iv, 1836.Google Scholar
7.Jones, T. Rymer, Art. “Rodentia,” Todd's Cyclop. Aval., vol. iv, p. 368, 1848.Google Scholar
8.Oudet, J. E., De l'acroissement continu des incisives chez les Rongeurs, etc., Paris, J. B. Baillière et fils, 1850, 8vo, pp. 92. Also Comples Rendus Acad. Sc. Paris, t. 41, p. 266, 1855.Google Scholar
9.Cuvier, C., “Rechcrches d'Anatomie comparée sur les dents,” Bull. Sc. Soc. Philom., iii au 11, pp. 165–168.Google Scholar
10.Gegenbaur, , “Les aberrat. dentaires chez les anim. domest.,” Mem,. Soc. Veterin., 1853, p. 62.Google Scholar
10a.The Field, December 20, 1856, December 2, 1857 (p. 411), May 2, 1868, November 12, 1881. Various notes on abnormal teeth in the rabbit, often with figures, occur in this journal.Google Scholar
11.Brandt, , on “Castor,” Bull. Phys.-math. Acad., St Petersburg, t. 12, pp. 471–474, 1854.Google Scholar
12.Gervais, Paul, Hist. Nat. des Mammifères, t. i, p. 267, 1854.Google Scholar
13. Dr Murie, Jas., Trans. Odont. Soc., vol. vi, 1857–1858.Google Scholar
13a. Dr Murie, Jas., “Deformity of Lower Jaw of Cachalot,” 2 figs., Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 390, April 11, 1865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Fischer, , “Lower Jaw Cachalot (deformity),” Robin, Journ. Anat. and Phys., p. 382, pl. xiii, 1867.Google Scholar
15.Gray, J. E., “Notes on Skulls of Hares,” B.M. Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xx, p. 219, 1867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Friedlowsky, A., “Malformation of Teeth in Mammals,” Silzbr. d. Akad. Wins. Wien, vol. lix, p. 33, I pl., figs. 5 and 6, 1869.Google Scholar
17.Klever, , Marphol. Jahrb., vol. xv, p. 308, pls. xi–xiii, 1869.Google Scholar
18.Murray, A., “A Nine-tusked Elephant,” Journ. Trav. Nat. Hist., London, vol. i, p. 265, 1868–1869.Google Scholar
19.Flower, , “Teeth Mammalia,” Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. iii, 1809.Google Scholar
20.Turner, W., “Structure of Teeth … Mesoplodon,” Journ. Anat., and Phys., vol. xiii, pp. 465–480; Proc. R.S.E., vol. x, p. 250.Google Scholar
21.Murie, , “Some Diseased Teeth in Mammals” (I), Proc. Odont. Soc. Brit., 1869, pp. 37–69 and p. 91 (by Friedlowsky).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Murie, , “Some Diseased Teeth in Mammals” (II), Proc. Odont. Soc. Brit., 1870, pp. 257–297, fig.Google Scholar
24.Clark, J. W., “Ten Bidental Skulls of Monodon,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 42.Google Scholar
25.Doxitz, , “Abnormal Dent, in Canis mesomelas,” Sitzbr. Nat. Freunde, Berlin, 1872, p. 54.Google Scholar
26.Sclater, , “Notice of Elephant's Tusk apparently attacked by Parasite,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1871, p. 145.Google Scholar
27.Turner, W., Journ. Avat, and Phys., vol. vii, p. 75, 1872.Google Scholar
28.Jones, C. S., “Dental Disease in a Grampus,” Trans, of Odont. Soc., vol. v, p. 36, 1873.Google Scholar
29.Magitot, E., “Études sur les Anomalies du Systèmc dentairc chez les Mammifères,” Journ. de l' Anat. el de la Phys., Paris, Année 10, 1874, pp. 255–293.Google Scholar
29.a. Magitot, E., “Contribution à l'histoirc des anomalies du Système dentaire chcz les Mammifères—Des anomalies de Structure,” Journ. de l'Anat. et de la Phys., Paris, Année 11, 1875, pp. 260–287.Google Scholar
29.b. Legros, C., and Magitot, E., “Contribution a l'étude du développement des Dents—Deuxieme Mémoirc— Morphologie du Follioule Dentaires chez les Mammiferes,” Journ. de l'Anat. el de la Phys., Paris, Année 15, 1879, pp. 248–293, pls. xvii–xxii.Google Scholar
30.Walker, R., “Small Hairy Bodies attached to Gum between each Tooth in Porpoise,” Scott, Nat., p. 145, pl. ii, 1873.Google Scholar
31.Balkwill, F. H., “Malformat. incis. Mus rattus (S5),” 1874, Zool., 2nd series, p. 393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Macitot, E., “Contrib. Histol. Anomnl. Syst. dent.,” Journ. Anat. and Phys., 1875, p. 260, and Robin. Journ., 1874, pp. 255, 422.Google Scholar
33.Macitot, E.,Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xix, p. 59.Google Scholar
34.Hollander, , “De Dentit. Rodent.,” Arch.f. Nat., 1875.Google Scholar
35.Chatin, , Journ. (C.R.) Soc. Biol., Paris (6), 1875, pp. 93–94.Google Scholar
36.Tomks, , “Dental Disease in Grampus,” Trans. Odont. Soc, vol. v, p. 36.Google Scholar
37.Tomks, , Trans. Odont. Soc, vol. iv, p. 29.Google Scholar
38.Tomks, , Manual of Dent. Anat., Human and Comparat., London, No. 38, 1876.Google Scholar
39.Rypkr, , Journ, Acad. Philad., 1877, p. 314.Google Scholar
40.Rypkr, , Proc. Acad. Philad., p. 47.Google Scholar
41.Magitot, , Sep. work, 1877. Traité des Anomal. des Syst. Dentaire, pp. 303, 20 plates.Google Scholar
42.Lessona, M., “Caso di anomalia nella dentatura di un Hylobales leuciscus, Kuhl,” Atti R. Accad. Sci., Torino, vol. xii, pp. 326–328, 1877.Google Scholar
43.Mejsisoviez, , Aug. Vox, “Uebcr accessoriche Fortzatzc am Schädel der Leporiden.,” 1 Taf., Silzbr. d. Wien. Akad. Math.-nat. Cl, Bd. 76, Abth. 1, pp. 503–506, 1878.Google Scholar
44.Ryder, J. A., “Evol. and Homolog. of Teeth in Horse,” Proc. Acad. Philad., 1877, pp. 152–154.Google Scholar
45.Ryder, , “On Mechanical Genesis of Tooth-form,” Proc. Acad. Philad., 1878, pp. 45–80.Google Scholar
45a. Ryder, , lbid., 1879, p. 47.Google Scholar
46.Monikz, R., “Lo Lapin est-il un animal ruminant?” Bull. Sci. Hist. Lit. Nord, Lille, vol. x, p. 169, 1878.Google Scholar
47.Sahlkktz, Ivax, “Notiz Über retardirtc Milchzähne,” Zool, Anz., Leipzig, Jahrg. 1, 1878, pp. 338–340.Google Scholar
47a. Sahlkktz, Ivax, “Om nogale Anonialier i Sælerncs Tandssæt,” Vidensk. Medd., Kjobenhavn, Aar, 1877–1878, pp. 275–304.Google Scholar
48.Leslik, G., “Hypsiprimnus penicillalm irreg. dent.,” Journ. of Anat. and Phys., vol. xiii, pp. 5–8, 1879.Google Scholar
49.Schlkchtkr, J., “Ueber Bau u. Form der Zäihne bei dem Pferde,” Leipzig und Wien, 1881.Google Scholar
50.Hensel, R., “Ueber Homologien und Varianten in den Zahnformcn einiger Saugethicre,” Morphol. Jahrb., Leipzig, vol. v, p. 529, 1879.Google Scholar
51.Flower, W., “Horse,” Ency. Brit., 9th edition, 1881.Google Scholar
52.Wilde, B. G., and Gace, S. H., “On a, Mesial Cusp on the Lower Milk-canine of Felis domestica,” Proc. Amer. Assoc. Sc, 1881, Cincinnati, vol. xxx, p. 242.Google Scholar
53.Lydekker, R., “On Some Points in Dent. Rhinoceros,” Journ, A.S.B., vol. xlix, Part 2, pp. 135–141, pl. vii, 1881.Google Scholar
54.Nehring, A., “Uebcr der sogennanten Wolfzahn der Pferde, etc.,” Sitzbr. Nat. Freunde, 1882, pp. 31–47.Google Scholar
55.Nehring, A., “Ueber einigc Canis Schädel mit aufialliger Zahn-Form,” Silzhr. Nat. Freunde, 1882, p. 68.Google Scholar
56.Dutilleul, G., “Les Pelottes de l'estomac du lapin,” Bull. Sci. dép. Nord, Paris (2), vol. v, p. 382, 1882.Google Scholar
56a. Magitot, E., “Des Lois de la Dentition (Études de Physiologie comparée),” Journ. de l'Anat. et de la Phys., Paris, Année 19, 1883, pp. 59–102.Google Scholar
57.Nehring, A., ”Rud. Canine in Young Specimen of Saiga tartarica,” N.S. Freunde, 1883, p. 15; Zool. Anz., vol. vi, pp. 610–615, 1883.Google Scholar
58.Rutimeykr, L., “Beitr. in eincr nat. Gcschichte der Hirsche,” Abh. schw. pal. Ges., vol. x, pp. 3–122, pls. v–x, 1883.Google Scholar
59.Mokot, , “Des Pclots stomacales des Léporidés” (Extr. des Mém. Soc. centr. de médec. véter., 1882). Resumé in Rev. Sci., vol. xxxi, No. 2, p. 57; Zool. Anz., Leipzig, vol. vi, p. 547, 1883.Google Scholar
60.Pouchkt, G., and Chabry, L., “Contribution à l'Odontologic des Mammifèrcs,” Journ. de l'Anat. el la Phys., Paris, vol. xx, p. 149, 1884.Google Scholar
61.Haller, G., “Ueber einigo im Jahrc 1882 bcobachtctc Abnormitäten in der hoheren Ticrwelt,” Zool. Gart. Frankfurt a. M., vol. xxiv, p. 203, 1883.Google Scholar
62.Buckland, F. T., Curiosities of Natural History, series 1, p. 89, pl. ii, London, 1883.Google Scholar
63.Hilgexdorf, , “Teeth Lcporidæ,” Sitzbr. der Nat. Freunde zu Berlin, 1884, pp. 21–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
64.Landois, H., “Ueber einen Hasen unit abnormer Zahnbildung,” Jahr. Ber. Westfäl., Prov. Ver. Wiss., Münster, vol. xiii, p. 29, 1884.Google Scholar
65.Krause, , Die Anal. Rabbit, Leipzig, 1884.Google Scholar
66.Pouchet, G., and Chabry, H., “Contrib. odontol. des Mamm.,” Journ. de l'Anat. el de la Phys., vol. xx, Ann. 1884, Paris, 1884.Google Scholar
67.Colin, G., Trailé Phys. Compar. des An., 3rd edition, 1886, p. 762, fig. 2.Google Scholar
68.Canalis, P., “Sullo sviluppo dei denti nei mammiferi,” Anat. Anz., Jena, vol. i, 1886, p. 187.Google Scholar
69.Lataste, De, “L'existence de dents-canines à la machoire supérieure des damars,” C. R. Soc. Biol., Proc. Ver., vol. xiii, pp. 29–30, 1886 (8).Google Scholar
70.Humphreys, J., Proc. Birmingham Philos. Soc., vol. vi, pp. 137–161, 1887–1888.Google Scholar
71.Nehring, A., Sitzbr. Nat. Freunde, 1888, pp. 11–16.Google Scholar
72.Nehring, and Lander, , Jahrb., 1888, 54 pp., 15 with. cuts.Google Scholar
73.Pouchet, G., “Sur l'évolution des dents du cachalot,” C. R. Hebdom. Soc. Biol. Paris (viii), vol. v, pp. 503–504, 1888.Google Scholar
74.Lesche, W., Anal. Anz., vol. iv, pp. 499–501, 1889.Google Scholar
75.Mivart, St G., “Notes on Canine Dent. Abnormality,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1890, pp. 376–378.Google Scholar
76.Galippe, D. V., “Descr. attach. of Teeth of Elephant to Gum, and Notes on Diseases,” Journ. de l'Anat. et de la Phys., vol. xxvii, pp. 285–343, 1891.Google Scholar
76a. Allen, H., Proc. Acad. Philad., 1891, p. 451.Google Scholar
77.Tasker, , Zur Kenntnis der Odontgenese bei den Ungulaten, Dorpat, 1892.Google Scholar
77a. Maggi, , Rend. 1st Lombardo (2), vol. xxiv, pp. 993–998.Google Scholar
77b. Forsyth-Major, C. L., Transl. of P. Freund's paper in Ann. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. xi, p. 301, 1893.Google Scholar
78.Regnault, F., “Des Anomalies dentaircs,” Naturaliste, 1894, p. 114.Google Scholar
79.Raspail, , Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1894, pp. 117–120.Google Scholar
79a. Bateson, W., Materials for Study of Variation, 1894, p. 200, etc.Google Scholar
79b. Lydekker, R., Royal Nat. Hist., vol. iii, p. 67, 1894–1895.Google Scholar
80.Raspail, , Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1896, p. 438.Google Scholar
81.Selenka, , Rassen Schádel n. Bezeichnung der Orang, Wiesbaden, 1898.Google Scholar
82.Cocchi, L., “Osservazione sue denti incisuri dell' Elefanta Africano,” Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., vol. xix, pp. 26–35, 1900.Google Scholar
83.Ledouble, , “Incisors Rodents,” C.R. Assoc. Anat., Lyon, 1901; Nancy, 1901, p. 240.Google Scholar
84.Bradley, O. C., “On Two Cases of Dental Anomaly in Equus benhami,” Journ. Anat. Phys. London, vol. xxxvi, p. 356, 1902.Google Scholar
85.Wiedersheim, E., “Ueber ein abnormes Rattengebiss,” Anat. Anz., vol. xxii, pp. 569–573, with fig., 1903.Google Scholar
86.Portis, A., “Di un denti. anomalo di Elefante foss. E. primigenus,” Boll. Soc. Geol. Ital., No. 1, pp. 93–114, pl. v, 1902.Google Scholar
86a.Noé, Joseph, C.R. Soc. Biol. Ann., vol. liv, p. 531, 1902.Google Scholar
87.Freund, P., Ann. Nat. Hist. (6), vol. xi, pp. 301–327, 1893.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87a.Hilzheimer, , Anat. Anz., vol. xxxii, p. 442, 2 figs., 1908.Google Scholar
88.Lydekker, R., “The Use of the Bilobed Canine in Giraffe,” Zoologist, (4), F., 1903, p. 225.Google Scholar
89.Catouillard, G., “Note sur une anonmlie dentaire observée chez un Lapin domestique,” Bull. Soc. Amis Sci. Nat. Rouen, (4), vol. xxxviii, p. 317, 1903.Google Scholar
90.Forsyth-Major, C. L., “On Dental Peculiarities of Certain Mammalia,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1904, pp. 416–424, fig.Google Scholar
91.Barnabo, V., “Brevi considerazioni e ricerche sulla conformazione dello stomaco umano e di altri Mammiferi a proposito di una rara anomalia risconstrata in questo visccre nel Lepus cuniculus,” Boll. Soc. Zool. Ital., Roma, (2), vol. v, p. 227, 1904.Google Scholar
92.Morot, , Rev. Sci., vol. li, p. 57; Zool. Anzeig., vol. vi, p. 54.Google Scholar
93.Landois, H., “Ein fingerformiger Hasen-Sehneiderzahn im Kreise von linken Zurichenkiefer in den rechten hineingewachsen,” Arch. Entwickmech., vol. xviii, p. 265, fig., 1904.Google Scholar
94.Lonnberg, E., “Rudimentare obere Eckzähne bei cinem Elch (Alces),” Zool. Anzeig., vol. xxviii, pp. 448–449, 1905.Google Scholar
95.Kunstler, u. Chaine, , “Variat. de formules dentaires chez les Primates,” C.R. Hebdom. Biol. (1), vol. lx, pp. 99 100, 1906.Google Scholar
96.Hagmann, J., “Anomalien im Gebiss brasil Saugethieren,” Verh. I.D. Zool. Ges., Leipzig, vol. xvi, pp. 274–276, 1906.Google Scholar
96a.Bradley, O. C., Proc. Nat. Vet. Assoc., 1907; Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xxxvi, p. 356, 1902; Journ. Anat. and Phys., vol. xxxix, No. 6, N. 3, 1905.Google Scholar
97.Colyer, J. F., “Variation in Diseases of Teeth in Horses,” Trans. Odont. Soc., No. 38, pp. 42–84, and No. 39, 1907, pp. 154–163.Google Scholar
98.Hagmann, J., “Abnormal Teeth in Deer, Rodents, Sloths: in Insel Mixiana,” Arch. Rasenbiol., München, vol. v, pp. 1–31, pls. i and ii, 1908.Google Scholar
99.Hilzheimer, M., “Einige Zahnanomalien Wilder Tliiere,” Anat. Anz., Jena, vol. xxxii, p. 445, 1908.Google Scholar
100.Pocock, R. I., “Abnormal Dent. in Wild Dog (Indian Red Dog),” Ann. Nat. Hist., N.S. 2, 1908, pp. 196–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
101.Wegner, R. N., “Ein überzähnliger Praemolar beini Siamang (Symphalongus syndactylus),” Zeitsch. f. Elhnolog., 1908, pp. 86–88.Google Scholar
101a.Oppenheimer, , Zeitsch. f. Morph. u. Anthrop., Bd. xiv, pp. 1–20, text-figs, and 14 plates.Google Scholar
102.Wegner, R. N., “Ueberzähnlige Incisiven bei Affen,” Zeit. Morph. Anthrop., Stuttgart, vol. xii, pp. 353–358, pl. xii, figs. 3, 4, and 6, 1909.Google Scholar
103.Martinoli, C., “Algunos observaciones sobre las anomalias dentairias del Perro,” Ann. Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires (3), vol. ix, p. 459, pl. viii, 1908. (Dog.)Google Scholar
104.Bach, F., “Zur Kenntnis obermiocaner Rhinocerus” Wien. Jahrb. Geol. Reichs. Anat., vol. lxviii, pp. 761–776, 1909.Google Scholar
105.Dybowski, R., “Ø zebach anormatuych W. uzebiemill, &c,” Kosmos, Lwow, vol. xxxiv, pp. 39–57, 1909.Google Scholar
106.Fuchs, H., “Erinaceus europœus: Lower Incisors Absent,” Zeit. Morphol., Stuttgart, vol. xiv, 1912.Google Scholar
107.Beretta, A., La Stomatologie, t. 10, 1913; abst. in Deutsch, Monatschrift Zahnheilkunde, Apl. S. 287.Google Scholar
108.Ritchie, and Edwards, , “Functional Teeth in Upper Jaw of Physeter (Sperm Whale),” Proc. R.S.E., vol. xxxiii, pp. 166–168, 1913.Google Scholar
109.Ibarra, R., “Curious Dental Anomalies in an Insectivore,” Madrid Biol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat., vol. xiv, pp. 189–191, 1914.Google Scholar
110.Broom, R., “Dental Variations in Mammalian Skulls,” Proc. Zool. Soc., 1914, p. 1071, F. 2.Google Scholar
111.Ramene, S. W., Sitzbr. Gen. Nat. Freunde, 1915, pp. 392–394. (Affen.)Google Scholar
112.Lyon, W. M., “Porcupine with a Pair of Supernumerary Incisors in Upper Jaw,” Anal. Rec. Philad., vol. x, pp. 453–462, 1916.Google Scholar
113.Keuchenius, F. E., “Tooth anom. in Orang. Buitenzorg,” Contrib. fauna des Indes Nord, 1 fasc., 1917, p. 302, text-fig.Google Scholar
114.Pohle, H., “Ueber einige Fälle von Gebissunregelmässigkeit,” Berlin, Sitzbr. Ges. Nat. Freunde, 1914, pp. 406–413.Google Scholar
115.Pohle, H., op. cit., 1917, p. 2; and op. cit., 1918, p. 346.Google Scholar
116.Jackson, J. W., Ann. Nat. Hist. Lond., 1915, pp. 291–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
117.Garrett, C., “Unusual Deer-head with Eye-teeth,” Ottawa Nat., 52, 1918.Google Scholar
118.Gunther, R. W. T., Dr Early Science in Oxford, vol. iii, p. 463.Google Scholar
119.Agduhr, E., “Beitrag zur kennt. der Kongenit. anom. der Canidengebisse,” Stockholm Vet. Akad. Handl., vol. lxi, No. 17, pp. 1–51, 7 plates, 1921.Google Scholar
120.Hammett, F. S., and Justice, E., “The Geometrical Symmetry of Growth of the Upper Incisors of Albino Rat,” Anat. Rec. Philad., vol. xxvi, pp. 141–144, 3 figs., 1923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
121.Miller, G. S., “Development of Rodent-like Incisors in Artiodactyl.,” Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. Washington, vol. lxvi, art. 8, pp. 1–4, 1 plate, 1924.Google Scholar
122.M'intosh, W. C., Ann. Nat. Hist. Lond., vol. xii, p. 75, 1923.Google Scholar