Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-qxsvm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-18T00:19:32.582Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

XVIII.—The Food and Feeding of the Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Relation to the Organic Environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

R. M. Neill
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen.

Extract

Precise information about the food of the brown trout is somewhat scanty, especially as regards the relation existing between diet and environmental fauna.

(a) Day (1887) points out that “food which (brown) trout consume is of various descriptions. … They do not object to little fish, as the minnow, loach, sticklebacks, etc., water rats, young birds, frogs, snails, slugs, worms, leeches, maggots, flies, beetles, moths, waterspiders and even a lizard.” He concluded that the “tastes of some differ from those of their companions.”

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1938

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Atkins, W. R. G., and Lebour, M. V., 1923. “The Hydrogen-ion Concentration of the Soil and of Natural Waters in Relation to the Distribution of Snails,” Sci. Proc. Roy. Dub. Soc., vol. xvii, pp. 233240.Google Scholar
Boycott, A. E., 1936. “The Habitats of Freshwater Mollusca in Britain,” Journ. Anim. Ecol., vol. v, pp. 116186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremner, A., 1921. “The Physical Geology of the Don Basin,” Aberd. Univ. Stud., No. 83.Google Scholar
Butcher, R. W., 1932. “The Microflora of Rivers with Special Reference to the Algæ on the River-bed,” Ann. Bot. Lond., vol. xlvi, pp. 813861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butcher, R. W., 1933. “On the Distribution of Macrophytic Vegetation in the Rivers of Britain,” Journ. Ecol., vol. xxi, pp. 5891.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butcher, R. W., Pentelow, F. T. K., and Woodley, J. W. A., 1930. “Variations in Composition of River Waters,” Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., vol. xxiv, pp. 4780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, K. E., 1928. “On the Distribution of Freshwater Turbellaria in the Aberystwyth District, with Especial Reference to Two Ice-age Relics,” Journ. Ecol., vol. xvi, pp. 105122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cilleuls, J. Des, 1928. “Revue générale des études sur le plancton des grandes fleuves ou rivières,” Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., vol. xx, pp. 174206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, F., 1887. British and Irish Salmonidœ, London.Google Scholar
Dimick, R. E., and Mote, D. C., 1934. “A Preliminary Survey of the Food of Oregon Trout,” Bull. Ore. Agric. Exp. Sta., 323.Google Scholar
Dodds, G. S., and Hisaw, F. L., 1924. “Adaptations of Mayfly Nymphs to Swift Streams,” Ecology, vol. v, pp. 140143.Google Scholar
Dodds, G. S., and Hisaw, F. L., 1925. “Adaptations of Caddisfly Larvæ to Swift Streams,” Ecology, vol. vi, pp. 123137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, A. E., 1888. “Revisional Monograph of Recent Ephemeridæ,” Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. Zool., 2nd ser., vol. iii, pp. 1352.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W., 1920. “On the British Species of Simulium, II,” Bull. ent. Res., vol. xi, pp. 211246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eidel, K., 1933. “Beitrage zur Biologie einiger Bäche des Schwarzwaldes,” Arch. Hydrobiol., vol. xxv.Google Scholar
Fox, H. M., and Simmonds, B. G., 1933. “Metabolic Rates of Aquatic Arthropods from Different Habitats,” Journ. Exp. Biol., vol. x, pp. 6774.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frost, W. E. 1936. “Trout Food and River Fauna,” Rep. Brit. Ass., 1936, p. 361.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. A., and Leetham, C., 1914. “On the Respiratory Exchange in Freshwater Fish, I, II,” Bio-chem. Journ., vol. viii, pp. 374, 591.Google Scholar
Gardner, J. A., King, G., and Powers, E. B., 1922. “On the Respiratory Exchange in Freshwater Fish, III,” Bio-chem. Journ., vol. xvi, pp. 523, 529.Google Scholar
Harnisch, O., 1926. “Studien zur Oekologie und Tiergeographie der Moore,” Zool. Jb., Abt. 1, vol. li, pp. 1166.Google Scholar
Hora, S. L., 1930. “Ecology, Bionomics and Evolution of the Torrential Fauna with Special Reference to the Organs of Attachment,” Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., B, vol. ccxviii, pp. 171282.Google Scholar
Kendall, C. E. Y., 1921. “The Mollusca of Oundle,” Journ. Conch., vol. xvi, pp. 240244.Google Scholar
Kendall, W. C., and Dence, W. A., 1927. “A Trout Survey of the Alleghany State Park in 1922,” Rooseveldt Wild Life Bull., 4, New York.Google Scholar
Klugh, A. B., 1927. “A Comparison of Certain Methods of Measuring Light for Ecological Purposes,” Ecology, vol. viii, p. 423.Google Scholar
Krogh, A., and Leitch, I., 1919. “The Respiratory Function of the Blood in Fishes,” Journ. Physiol., vol. lii, p. 288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miall, L. C., and Hammond, A. R., 1900. The Harlequin Fly, Oxford.Google Scholar
Morofsky, W. F., 1935. “A Preliminary Survey of the Insect Fauna of some typical Michigan Trout Streams,” Journ. Econ. Ent., vol. xxviii.Google Scholar
Mottram, J. C., 1931. “Food of Wild Trout Fry,” Salmon and Trout Mag.Google Scholar
Needham, J. G., and Lloyd, T. J., 1930. Life of Inland Waters, New York.Google Scholar
Needham, P. R., 1937. “A Biological Survey of Lake Arrowhead, California,” Calif. Fish Game, vol. xxiii.Google Scholar
O'Donoghue, C. H., and Boyd, E. M., 1930. “A Preliminary Investigation of the Food of the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta),” Fish. Scot., Salmon Fish., III.Google Scholar
O'Donoghue, C. H., and Boyd, E. M., 1932. “A Second Investigation of the Food of Sea Trout (Salmo trutta),” Fish. Scot., Salmon Fish., II.Google Scholar
O'Donoghue, C. H., and Boyd, E. M., 1934. “A Third Investigation of the Food of the Sea Trout (Salmo trutta),” Fish. Scot., Salmon Fish., II.Google Scholar
Pentelow, F. T. K., 1932. “The Food of the Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.),” Journ. Anim. Ecol., vol. i, pp. 101107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pentelow, F. T. K., Southgate, B. A., and Bassindale, R., 1933. “The Proportion of the Sexes and the Food of Smolts of Salmon and Sea Trout in the Tees Estuary,” Fish. Invest. Ser., vol. iii, 4, 1933.Google Scholar
Percival, E., 1932. “On the Depreciation of Trout Fishing in the Oreti (or New River) Southland,” Bull. N.Z., Fish, v., 1932.Google Scholar
Percival, E., and Whitehead, H., 1926. “Observations on the Biology of Ephemera danica,” Proc. Leeds Phil. Soc., vol. i, pp. 136148.Google Scholar
Percival, E., and Whitehead, H., 1928. “Observations on the Ova and Oviposition of certain Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera,” ibid., pp. 271–288.Google Scholar
Percival, E., and Whitehead, H., 1929. “A Quantitative Study of the Fauna of Some Types of Stream Bed,” Journ. Ecol., vol. xvii, pp. 282314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Percival, E., and Whitehead, H., 1930. “Biological Survey of the River Wharfe. II. Report on the Invertebrate Fauna,” Journ. Ecol., vol. xviii, pp. 286302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J. S., 1929. “A Report on the Food of Trout,” Bull. N.Z. Fish., ii, 1929.Google Scholar
Phillips, J. S., 1931. “Studies of New Zealand Mayfly Nymphs,” Trans. Ent. Soc., vol. lxxix, pp. 399422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pictet, E. J., 1843. Histoire naturelle des insectes Neuroptères, Geneva.Google Scholar
Regan, C. T., 1920. “Distribution of Salmon and Trout,” Salmon and Trout Mag.Google Scholar
Report, Cortland Hatchery, 19331935. N.Y. State Conservation Dept.Google Scholar
Report, River Pollution and Fisheries, 1925. H.M. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Root, R. W., 1931. “The Respiratory Functions of the Blood of Marine Fishes,” Biol. Bull. Woods Hole, vol. lxi, p. 427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rousseau, E., 1921. Les Larves et Nymphes aquatiques des Insects d'Europe, Brussels.Google Scholar
Saunders, J. T., 1923. “The Measurement of the Carbon Dioxide output of Freshwater Animals by means of Indicators,” Biol. Rev., vol. i, p. 44.Google Scholar
Saunders, J. T., 1926. “The Hydrogen-ion Concentration of Natural Waters. I. The Relation of pH to the Pressure of Carbon Dioxide,” Journ. Exp. Biol., vol. iv, pp. 46, 51.Google Scholar
Schoenemund, E., 1930. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 19, Ephemeroptera, Jena.Google Scholar
Schuster, R. W., 1915. “Morphologische und biologische Studien an Naiden und Sachsen und Böhmen,” Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., Biol. Supp., vii, pp. 1108.Google Scholar
Shaw, N., 1928. Manual of Meteorology, London.Google Scholar
Slack, H. D., 1934. “The Winter Food of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.),” Journ. Anim. Ecol., vol. iii, pp. 105108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sleight, C. E., 1913. “Relation of Trichoptera to their Environment,” N.Y. Ent. Soc., vol. xxi.Google Scholar
Smart, J., 1934. “On the Biology of the Black Fly Simulium ornatum Mg. (Diptera, Simuliidæ),” Proc. Roy. Phys. Soc, Edin., vol. xxii, pp. 217238.Google Scholar
Southern, R., 1932. “The Food and Growth of Brown Trout,” Salmon and Trout Mag.Google Scholar
Southern, R., 1935. “The Food and Growth of Brown Trout from Lough Derg and the River Shannon,” Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., vol. xlii, pp. 87158.Google Scholar
Tillyard, R. J., 1921. “Neuropteroid Insects of the Hot Springs Region, New Zealand, in Relation to the Problem of Trout Food,” N.Z. Journ. Sci. Tech., vol. iii, pp. 271279.Google Scholar
Welcii, P. S., 1935. Limnology, New York and London.Google Scholar
Whitehead, H., 1935. “An Ecological Study of the Invertebrate Fauna of a Chalk Stream near Great Driffield, Yorkshire,” Journ. Anim. Ecol., vol. iv, pp. 5878.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Worthington, E. B., 1933. “Trout Food,” Fish. Gaz., 3, vol. vi.Google Scholar
Wu, Yi Fang, 1931. “A Contribution to the Biology of Simulium (Diptera),” Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., vol. xiii, pp. 543599 (not seen).Google Scholar
Wundsch, H., 1922. “Beitrage zur Biologie von Gammarus pulex,” Arch. Hydrobiol., vol. xiii.Google Scholar
Zacharias, O., 1898. “Das potamoplankton,” Zool. Anz., vol. xxi, pp. 4148.Google Scholar