Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T08:08:32.088Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

XI.—Serpentine Lavas, the Ankara Mélange and the Anatolian Thrust*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

E. B. Bailey  and
W. J. McCallien
E. B. Bailey
Affiliation:
University College of the Gold Coast, Achimota.
W. J. McCallien
Affiliation:
University College of the Gold Coast, Achimota.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

Evidence is given that many of the Mesozoic, geosynclinal serpentines of Turkey are deep-sea lavas, and that they functioned as efficient fertilizers of surface waters leading to rich crops of radiolaria now preserved in cherts and limestones. Furthermore, in anticlinals at Ankara and Alaca Höyük, Palæozoic, Triassic and Jurassic rocks in the condition of a tectonic mélange are overlain unconformably by Upper Cretaceous and Eocene; while, in associated synclinals at Ayas and Kirsehir, crystalline schists and granites, probably Palæozoic or earlier, emerge from beneath unconformable Oligocene. It is suggested that these crystallines are parts of a Pontic nappe which advanced southwards during Upper Cretaceous times, in part overriding and breaking local rocks to yield the Ankara Mélange, in part bulldozing them forwards to form the Taurus Mountains. The displacement along the Anatolian Thrust at the base of the invading Pontic nappe is reckoned at about 350 km.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 62 , Issue 2 , 1954 , pp. 403 - 442
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1954

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Anderson, Tempest, 1910. “The Volcano of Matavanu in Savaii”, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, LXVI, 621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, E. B., 1924. In “Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Geology of Mull, Loch Aline and Oban”, Mem. Geol. Surv.Google Scholar
Bailey, E. B., 1936. “Sedimentation in Relation to Tectonics”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., LXXVII, 1713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, E. B., 1944. “Mountains that have Travelled over Volcanoes”, Nature, CLIV, 752.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, E. B., 1949. “Sequence in Layered Rocks.” Review. Geol. Mag., LXXXVI, 132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, E. B., Jones, R. C. B., and Asfia, S., 1948. “Notes on the Geology of the Elburz Mountains North-East of Tehran, Iran”, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., CIV, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, E. B., and Mccallien, W. J., 1950. “The Ankara Mélange and the Anatolian Thrust”, Nature, CLXVI, 938; and M.T.A. Publ. Ankara, no. 40, 17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, W. N., 1918. “The Origin of Serpentine. A Historical and Comparative Study”, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, XLVI, 693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, M., 1946. “Die Neue Geologische Karte der Turkei”, Ecl. Geol. Helvetiœ, XXXIX, 277.Google Scholar
Blumenthal, M., 1948. “Un aperçu de la géologie des chaînes nordanatoliennes entre l'Ova de Bolu et le Kizilermak inferieur”, M.T.A. Publ. Ankara, ser. B, no. 13.Google Scholar
Bonney, T. G., 1879. “Notes on some Ligurian and Tuscan Serpentines”, Geol. Mag., 362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boswell, P. G. H., 1933. On the Mineralogy of Sedimentary Rocks, London.Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1915. “The Later Stages of the Evolution of Igneous Rocks”, Journ. Geol., XXIII, supplement. (Bowen regards p. 79 as introducing his crystal-concentrate theory of peridotite.)Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1927. “The Origin of Ultra-Basic and Related Rocks”, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, XIV, 89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1928. The Evolution of Igneous Rocks, Princeton.Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1947. “Magmas”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., LVIII, 263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., and Schairer, J. F., 1935. “The System MgO—FeO—SiO2”, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, XXIX, 151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., and Tuttle, O. F., 1949. “The System MgO—SiO2—H2O”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., LX, 439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaput, E., 1936. “Voyages d'études géologiques et géomorphogéniques en Turquie”, Mém. Inst. Franç. Archéol. Stamb. Paris, II.Google Scholar
Cole, G. A. J., and Gregory, J. W., 1890. “The Variolitic Rocks of Mont Genévre”, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLVI, 295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, H., and Flett, J. S., 1911. “On some British Pillow-Lavas and the Rocks associated with them”, Geol. Mag., 202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Egeran, N., 1947. La Tectonique de la Turquie, Nancy.Google Scholar
Greenly, E., 1919. “The Geology of Anglesey”, Mem. Geol. Surv.Google Scholar
Grunau, H., 1946. “Die Vergesellschaftung von Radiolariten und Ophiolithen in den Schweitzer Alpen”, Ecl. Geol. Helvetia, XXXIX, 256.Google Scholar
Hess, H. H., 1939. “Island Arcs, Gravity Anomalies and Serpentine Intrusions. A Contribution to the Ophiolite Problem”, Internat. Geol. Cong. Report, Session 17, Russia, 1937, II, 263.Google Scholar
Issel, A., 1879. “Conclusion di uno studio sui terreni serpentinosi della Liguria orientale”, Boll. Com. Geol. Ital., X, 572.Google Scholar
Issel, A., and Mazzuoli, L., 1881. “Relazione degli studi fatti per un rilievo delle masse ofiolitiche nella riviera di Levante”, Boll. R. Com. Geol. Ital., XII, 313.Google Scholar
Lawson, A. C., 1895. “Sketch of the Geology of the San Francisco Peninsula”, 15th Annual Report U.S. Geol. Surv., 399.Google Scholar
Mccallien, W. J., 1946. “Inverted Graded Bedding at Koserelik, N. of Ankara”, M.T.A. Publ. Ankara, no. 35, 121.Google Scholar
Mccallien, W. J., 1947. “The Devonian Kieselschiefer of the Bosphorus”, Sci. Faculty Review, Univ. Istanbul, XII, no. 3.Google Scholar
Mccallien, W. J., 1950. “Some Turkish Pillow Lavas”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Turkey, II, 1.Google Scholar
Nowack, E., 1928. “Eine Reise von Angora zum Schwarzen Meer”, Zeits. Ges. Erdk. Berlin, 414.Google Scholar
Pantanelli, D., 1880 a. “Fossili dei diaspri”, Boll. Com. Geol. Ital., XI, 125. (In review, 1880, Geol. Mag., 317, A. W. W. says: “Prof. Pantanelli thinks we may now definitely accept the hypothesis of Stoppani that the serpentines are volcanic rocks for the most part erupted in deep water.”)Google Scholar
Pantanelli, D., 1880 b. “I diaspri della Toscana e i loro Fossili”, Mem. Reale Accad. Lincei, ser. 3, VIII, 35. (Reviewed by A. W. W., 1880, Geol. Mag., 564.)Google Scholar
Paréjas, E., 1940. “La tectonique transversale de la Turquie”, Rev. Fac. Sci. Univ. Istanbul, ser. B, V/3–4.Google Scholar
Philippson, A., 1918. “Kleinasien”, Handbuch der reg. Geol., V/2.Google Scholar
Reid, C., and Dewey, H., 1908. “The Origin of the Pillow-Lava near Port Isaac in Cornwall”, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., XLIV, 269.Google Scholar
Routhier, P., 1946. “Vulcano-plutons sous-marins du cortège ophiolitique”, C.R. Acad. Sci., Paris, CCXXII, 192.Google Scholar
Sellards, E. H., 1932. “Oil Fields in Igneous Rocks in Coastal Plain of Texas”, Bull. Amer. Ass. Petroleum Geol., XVI, 74.Google Scholar
Shepard, F. P., 1951. “Sand and Gravel in Deep-Water Deposits”, World Oil, CXXXII, 61.Google Scholar
Shrock, R. R., 1948. Sequence in Layered Rocks, New York.Google Scholar
Sosman, R. B., 1938. “Evidence on the Intrusion-Temperature of Peridotites”, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 5, XXVA, 353.Google Scholar
Spencer, E., 1925. “Albite and other Authigenic Minerals in Limestones from Bengal”, Min. Mag., XX, 365.Google Scholar
Stefani, de C., 1876. “Le rocce serpintinose della Carfagnana”, Boll. Com. Geol. Ital., VII, 16.Google Scholar
Steinmann, G., 1906. “Geologische Beobachtungen in den Alpen. II. Die Schardt'sche Uberfaltungstheorie und die Bedeutung der Tiefseeabsätze und der ophiolitischen Massengesteine”, Ber. Naturf. Ges. Freiburg i B., XVI, 18.Google Scholar
Steinmann, G., 1927. “Die ophiolitischen Zonen, in den mediterranean Kettengebirgen”, Cong. Géol. Int. Report, Session 14, Madrid, 1926, II, 637.Google Scholar
Stoppani, , 1880. See Pantanelli, D.Google Scholar
Thomas, H. H., and Bailey, E. B., 1924. In “Tertiary and Post-Tertiary Geology of Mull, Loch Aline and Oban”, Mem. Geol. Surv.Google Scholar
Vadasz, E., 1913. “Liasfossilien aus Kleinasien”, Jb. Ung. Geol. Reichsanst., XXI, 59.Google Scholar
Wilson, M. E., 1911. “Kawagama Lake Map-Area, Pontiac and Abitibi, Quebec”, Geol. Surv. Canada Summ. Rep., 1911, 273. (See also R. R. Shrock.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar