^{page 179 note *} De Region. Oriental, lib. 1. cap. 57.

^{page 179 note †} Beschreibung des Russichen Reichs, p. 319.

^{page 179 note ‡} Gmelin's Reisse durch Siberien, t. 1. p. 273.

^{page 180 note *} Physicalish. Reise durch einig. provintz. des Russisch. Reichs, t. 1. p. 316.

^{page 180 note †} Newman, Chem. experimental, t. 1. part 2. p. 18.

^{page 180 note ‡} Observat. de lacte humano cum asinino et ovillo comparato, p. 54.

^{page 181 note *} Macquer Dicttionary of Chemist. p. 432.

^{page 182 note *} This bag was made of a horse's hide undressed, and, by having been smoked; had acquired a great degree of hardness. Its shape was conical, like the figure in the margin, but was, at the same time, somewhat triangular, from being composed of three different pieces, set in a circular base of the same hide. The futures, which were made with tendons, were secured by a covering on the outside, with a doubling of the same skin, very closely secured. It had a dirty appearance, and a very disagreeable smell. On being asked the reason of this, he said, “The remains of the old Koumiss were left, in order to supply a ferment to the “new milk.”

^{page 187 note *} The author of a historical description of all the nations which compose the Russian empire, says, speaking of Koumiss, “ Elle est sort nourissaute, et peut tenir lieu de tout “ autre aliment. Les Baschkirs s'en trouvent très bien, elle les rend bienportans et “ gais; elle leur donne de l'embonpoint, et de bonnes couleurs.” Descrip. de tout. les Nat. de l'Emp. Russ. t. 2. p. 118.

^{page 189 note *} Physicalisch. Reise durch verschied. provintz. des Russisch. Reichs, t. 1. p. 316. et 317.

^{page 189 note †} Specim. inaug. de Spir. Ardent, ex lact. Bub. Argentorat. 1778.