Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T01:22:45.327Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

I.—The Glaciation of East Lothian South of the Garleton Hills*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

P. F. Kendall
Affiliation:
H.M. Geological Survey.

Extract

The glaciation of East Lothian has already been dealt with separately by Professor John Young, who, when attached to the Geological Survey, treated this subject in the memoir of the district published in 1866. His account of the phenomena, striæ, boulder clay, dry valleys, etc., is concise and clear, but he does not enter deeply into a discussion of causes. A guarded reference to submersion to account for the presence of an erratic boulder of carboniferous sandstone at a height of 1500 feet above sea-level shows in fact that he had not arrived at a full conception of the possibilities involved in glaciation by land ice. He was, however, quite definite in ascribing many important erosion effects in the district to the work of an “ice-stream.” In this as in most other points he had been forstalled by Sir Archibald Geikie, who had already described the immediately adjoining area to the south.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1908

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

page 1 note † Geology of East Berwickshire, 1863.

page 1 note ‡ J. Geikie has already given illustrations of the main phenomena which accompany the retreat of an icesheet from a hilly country. Great Ice Age, 1894, ch. xiv.

page 1 note § P. F. Kendall, A.G.J.S., 1902, p. 471, “A System of Glacier Lakes in the Cleveland Hills.”

page 3 note * Scenery of Scotland, 1901, pl. iv.

page 4 note * Great Ice Age, 1894, p. 193.

page 4 note † Striæ in the Garleton Hill area are abundantly preserved, and are well known. Their direction is entirely in accord with that indicated in the sketch map.

page 5 note * The Geology of East Lothian, 1866, pp. 63, 64.

page 5 note † Cf. Sir A. Geikie, Geology of East Berwickshire, 1863, p. 52, and Goodchild, J., Glacialists' Magazine, vol. iv. pt. 1, 1896, p. 1Google Scholar.

page 6 note * Geology of East Lothian, 1866, p. 55.

page 7 note * Sketch of the Geology of life and the Lothians, 1839, p. 74.

page 7 note † Coalfields of the Lothians, 1639, p. 103.

page 8 note * Dr Crampton independently arrived at precisely this interpretation in accounting for the partial reversal of the drainage in the Borthwick dry valley, to which further reference will be made in the sequel.

page 8 note † Corrom (cothrom) is a Gaelic word used in place names in the Ardgour district of Argyllshire, to denote a delta-watershed. Its literal meaning is a “balance,” and it is intended to illustrate that a stream issuing upon such, a cone has the chance of flowing either the one way or the other.

page 9 note * The Geology of East Berwickshire, 1863, pp. 51, 52.

page 9 note † The Geology of East Lothian, 1866, pp. 63, 64.

page 9 note ‡ Between Cockburnspath and Grant's House stations, east of Dunbar.

page 9 note § P1-I. fig. 1.

page 10 note * P. F. Kendall, “Glacier-lakes in the Cleveland Hills,” Q.J.G.S., 1902.

page 11 note * The same is being performed for Lammer Loch now that the latter is being extended to form a reservoir.

page 11 note † Pl. II. fig. 1.

page 11 note ‡ Pl. I. fig. 2.

page 12 note * This is a general feature of dry valleys. See Glacier Lakes in the Clereland Hills, p. 483. The type example for East Lothian is furnished by the Danskine Loch channel, two miles east of Gilford.

page 12 note † Pl. II. fig. 2.

page 13 note * Geology of East Lothian, 1866, p. 65.

page 13 note † Great Ice Age, 1894, p. 211.

page 14 note * Numerous exposures in the neighbourhood of Upper Keith, for instance, illustrate this point.

page 14 note † Pl. IV. figs. 1 and 2.

page 14 note ‡ We do not suggest for an instant that true kames of deposit do not exist in other districts.

page 15 note * Loc. cit., p. 175, pl. iii.

page 17 note * The interstratification of sands and boulder clays here was first noticed by Mr Anderson.

page 17 note † Pl. IV. fig. 2.

page 17 note ‡ Pl. IV. fig. 1.

page 19 note * Pl. I. fig. 1.

page 20 note * It must not be overlooked that the evidence adduced in this and the preceding section has a most important and direct bearing upon the climatic conditions of the period.

page 22 note * We prefer, for the present, not to regard the absence of the ordinary marginal phenomena from the region of local glaciation as direct evidence on this question, to avoid reasoning in a circle.

page 23 note * This is the condition of affairs shown in fig. 4, although the other channels of the district are also shown.

page 24 note * Geology of East Lothian, 1866, p. 65.

page 25 note * Pl. III. fig. 1.

page 25 note † J. E. Marr, Scientific Study of Scenery, second edition, p. 166 and Pl. I. C. Rcssel, River Development, p. 138.

page 26 note * Pronounced Copperspeth.

page 26 note † A triangular mound near the southern exit of the tunnel is artificial, being composed of angular rock debris, with occasional brick fragments, top-dressed with sand and boulder clay to allow of planting.

page 27 note * Pl. III. fig. 2.

page 28 note * Pl. III. fig. 1.

page 29 note * Loc. cit., p. 143,