Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T07:30:17.434Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cindarella and the arachnate clade Xandarellida (Arthropoda, Early Cambrian) from China

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2011

Lars Ramsköld ,
Chen Junyuan ,
Gregory D. Edgecombe  and
Zhou Guiqing
Lars Ramsköld
Affiliation:
Museum of Palaeontology, University of Uppsala, Norbyvägen 22, S-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
Chen Junyuan
Affiliation:
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Chi-Ming-Ssu, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Affiliation:
Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney South, NSW 2000, Australia
Zhou Guiqing
Affiliation:
Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Chi-Ming-Ssu, Nanjing 210008, People's Republic of China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Cindarella eucalla Chen et al. from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna is the closest relative of Xandarella spectaculum Hou et al. Cindarella and Xandarella are united as Xandarellida, a further component of Cambrian arachnate diversity. Diagnostic of Xandarellida are ventral eyes, a posterior extension of the head shield that covers anterior trunk segments, and multiple somites per tergite in the rear part of the trunk. Somites and tergites are decoupled throughout the trunk in Cindarella. The bilobate structure of the exopod in xandarellids is widespread throughout the Arachnata.

Keywords

ArachnataEarly CambrianXandarellidaChengjiang fauna
Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 88 , Issue 1 , 1997 , pp. 19 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bergström, J. 1992. The oldest arthropods and the origin of the Crustacea. ACTA ZOOL 73, 287-91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bruton, D. L. 1981. The arthropod Sidneyia inexpectans. Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale. British Columbia. PHIL TRANS R SOC LONDON B295, 619–56.Google Scholar
Bruton, D. L. & Whittington, H. B. 1983. Emeraldella and Leanchoilia. two arthropods from the Burgess Shale, Middle Cambrian. British Columbia. PHIL TRANS R SOC LONDON B300, 553–82.Google Scholar
Briggs, D. E. G. & Collins, D. 1988. A Middle Cambrian chelicerate from Mount Stephen, British Columbia. PALAEONTOLOGY 31, 779–98.Google Scholar
Chatterton, B. D. E.. Johanson, Z. & Sutherland, G. 1994. Form of the tnlobite digestive system: alimentary structures in Pterocephalia. J PALEONTOL 68, 294–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.-y., Hou, X.-g. & Lu, H.-z. 1989. Early Cambrian netted scalebearing wormlike sea animal. ACTA PALAEONTOL SINICA 28, 1–16.Google Scholar
Chen, J.-y., Erdtmann, B.-D. & Steiner, M. 1992. Die Unterkambrische Fossillagerstatte Chengjiang (China). FOSSILIEN 9, 273–82.Google Scholar
Chen, J.-y., Ramskold, L. & Zhou, G.-q. 1994. Evidence for monophyly and arthropod affinity of Cambrian giant predators. SCIENCE 264, 1304–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, J.-y., Dzik, J., Edgecombe, G. D., Ramskold, L. & Zhou, G.-q. 1995a. A possible Early Cambrian chordate. NATURE 377, 720–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, J.-y.Edgecombe, G. D., Ramsköld, L. & Zhou, G.-q. 1995b. Head segmentation in Early Cambrian Fuxianhuia: implications for arthropod evolution. SCIENCE 268, 1339–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, J.-y., Zhou, G.-q, & Ramsköld, L. 1995c. The Cambrian lobopodian Microdictyon sinicwn. BULL NAT MUS NAT SCI 5, 1–93.Google Scholar
Chen, J.y., Zhou, G.-q., Zhu, M.-y. & Yeh, K.-y. 1996. The Chengjiang Biota. A unique window of the Cambrian Explosion. Taichung, Taiwan: The National Museum of Natural SCIENCE. [In Chinese.]Google Scholar
Chen, J.-y., Edgecombe, G. D. & Ramsköld, L. 1997. Morphological and ecological disparity in naraoiids (Arthropoda) from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna, China. RECORDS AUST MUS 49.Google Scholar
Clarke, K. U. 1979. Visceral anatomy and arthropod phylogeny. In Gupta, A. (ed.) Arthropod Phylogeny, 467–549. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.Google Scholar
de Quieroz, K. & Gauthier, J. 1990. Phylogeny as a central principle in taxonomy: phylogenetic definitions of taxon names. SYST ZOOL 39, 307-22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Quieroz, K. & Gauthier, J. 1994. Toward a phylogenetic system of biological nomenclature. TREND ECOL EVOL 9, 27–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edgecombe, G. D. & Ramsköld, L. 1996. Response to M. A. Wills. Classification of the Cambrian arthropod Fuxianhuia. SCIENCE 272, 747–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, R. 1993. Explosion of life: the Cambrian Period. NAT GEOG 184, 120–36.Google Scholar
Hou, X.-g., Ramsköld, L. & Bergström, J. 1991. Composition and preservation of the Chengjiang fauna–a Lower Cambrian softbodied biota. ZOOL SCRIPTA 29, 395–411.Google Scholar
Landing, E. 1994. Precambrian-Cambrian boundary global stratotype ratified and a new perspective of Cambrian time. GEOLOGY 22, 179–84.2.3.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauterbach, K.-E. 1973. Schlüsselereignisse in der Evolution der Stammgruppe der Euarthropoda. ZOOL BEITR (NF) 19, 259–99.Google Scholar
Lauterbach, K.-E. 1980. Schlüsselereignisse in der Evolution der Grundplans der Arachnata (Arthropoda). VERH NATURWISS VER HAMBURG (NF) 23, 163–327.Google Scholar
Lauterbach, K.-E. 1988. Zur position angeblicher Crustacea aus dem Ober-Kambrium im phylogenetischen system der Mandibulata (Arthropoda). VERH NATURWISS VER HAMBURG (NF) 30, 409–67.Google Scholar
Luo, H.-l., Jiang, Z.-w. & Tang, L.-d. 1994. Stratotype Section for Lower Cambrian Stages in China. Kunming: Yunnan SCIENCE and Technology Press.Google Scholar
Manton, S. M. 1952. The evolution of arthropodan locomotory mechanisms. Part 2. General introduction to the locomotory mechanisms of the Arthropoda. ZOOL J LINN SOC 42, 93–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muller, K. J. & Walossek, D. 1986. Martinssonia elongata gen. et sp.n., a crustacean-like euarthropod from the Upper Cambrian ‘Orsten’ of Sweden. ZOOL SCRIPTA 15, 73–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsköld, L. & Edgecombe, G. D. 1996. Trilobite appendage structure–Eoredlichia reconsidered. ALCHERINGA 20, 269–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsköld, L. & Hou, X.-g. 1991. New Early Cambrian animal and onychophoran affinities of enigmatic metazoans. NATURE 351, 225–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsköld, L., Chen, J.-y., Edgecombe, G. D. & Zhou, G.-q. 1996. Preservational folds simulating tergite junctions in tegopeltid and naraoiid arthropods. LETHAIA 29, 15–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schram, F. R. & Rolfe, W. D. I. 1982. New euthycarcinoid arthropods from the Upper Pennsylvanian of France and Illinois. J PALEONTOL 56, 1434–50.Google Scholar
Shu, D.-g., Conway Morris, S. & Zhang, X.-l. 1996. A Pikaia-like chordate from the Lower Cambrian of China. NATURE 384, 157–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shu, D.-g., Geyer, G., Chen, L. & Zhang, X.-l. 1995. Redlichiacean trilobites with preserved soft-parts from the Lower Cambrian Chengjiang fauna (South China). In Geyer, G. & Landing, E. (eds) Morocco '95. The Lower-Middle Cambrian Standard of Western Gondwana. BERINGERIA SPEC ISS 2, 203–41.Google Scholar
Siebold, C. T. E.von & Stannius H. 1845. Lehrbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der wirbellosen Tiere. Berlin: Veit.Google Scholar
Stømer, L. 1944. On the relationships and phylogeny of fossil and Recent Arachnomorpha. SKRIFT DET NORSKE VIDENSKAKAD, MAT-NATURVIDENSK KL 5, 1–158.Google Scholar
Stømer, L. 1959. Trilobitomorpha. In Moore, R. C. (ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part 0. Arthropoda 1, 22–37. Lawrence: Geological Society of America, University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Sun, W.-g. & Zhan, R.-b. 1991. Precambrian-Cambrian transition in the Kunming region, Yunnan, China. Second International Congress of Palaeoecology, Guidebook for Excursion 1. Nanjing: Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica.Google Scholar
Walossek, D. 1995. The Upper Cambrian Rehbachiella, its larval development, morphology and significance for the phylogeny of Branchiopoda and Crustacea. HYDROBIOLOGIA 298, 1–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1975. Trilobites with appendages from the Middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale, British Columbia. FOSSILS AND STRATA 4, 97–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittington, H. B. 1977. The Middle Cambrian trilobite Naraoia, Burgess Shale. British Columbia. PHIL TRANS R SOC LONDON B280, 409–43.Google Scholar
Wills, M. A., Briggs, D. E. G., Fortey, R. A. & Wilkinson, M. 1995. The significance of fossils in understanding arthropod evolution. VERH DTSCH ZOOL GES 88, 203–215.Google Scholar
Wills, M. A. 1996. Classification of the Cambrian arthropod Fuxianhuia. SCIENCE 272, 746–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W.-t. & Hou, X.-g. 1985. Preliminary notes on the occurrence of the unusual trilobite Naraoia in Asia. ACTA PALAEONTOL SINICA 24, 591–5.Google Scholar
Zhuravlev, A. Y. 1995. Preliminary suggestions on the global Early Cambrian zonation. In Geyer, G. & Landing, E. (eds) Morocco '95. The Lower-Middle Cambrian Standard of Western Gondwana. BERINGERIA SPEC ISS 2, 147–160.Google Scholar