Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T12:19:52.917Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

XIII.—Crystal Growth of Forsteritic Olivine in Magmas and Melts*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 July 2012

H. I. Drever  and
R. Johnston
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Synopsis

One of the writers' main aims has been to help to prepare the way for a new approach to problems in which the natural occurrence of forsteritic olivines is a vital factor. Variation in their shapes and textural relations in minor intrusions, lavas and melts is examined and the historical development of concepts of their growth and resorption, particularly in magmas, is traced. Particular attention is focused on the olivines of picritic, minor intrusions. It is concluded that in the interpretation of olivine shapes there has been discrimination in favour of magmatic resorption rather than skeletal crystallization. From a wide and detailed survey of forsteritic olivines it is established that they tend to grow rapidly and that their phenomenal variation in habit and shape is probably due to a specific growth sensitivity to slight environmental differences. Concepts of the physical conditions leading to skeletal crystallization are briefly reviewed and discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 63 , Issue 2 , 1958 , pp. 289 - 315
Copyright
Copyright © Royal Society of Edinburgh 1958

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References to Literature

Abelson, P. H., 1954. “Annual Report of the Director of the Geophysical Laboratory”, Yearb. Carneg. Instn., 53, 95–145.Google Scholar
Allen, E. T., White, W. P., Wright, F. E., and Larsen, E. P., 1909. “Diopside and its Relations to Calcium and Magnesium Metasilicates”, Amer. J. Sci., 27, 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersen, O., 1915. “The System Anorthite-Forsterite-Silica”, Amer. J. Sci., 39, 407–454.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bartrum, J. A., 1942. “Unusual Olivine in Basalt in Auckland, New Zealand”, J. Geol., 50, 914–917.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentor, Y. K., 1955. “La Chaine des puys”, Bull. Serv. Carte Géol. Fr., 52, No. 242.Google Scholar
Bodmer-Beder, A., 1898. “Über Olivindiabase aus dem Plessurgebirge, Graubünden”, Neues Jb. Min. Geol. Paläont., 12, 248–255.Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1915. “Crystallisation—Differentiation in Silicate Liquids”, Amer. J. Sci., 39, 175–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1925. In “The Physical Chemistry of Igneous Rock Formation”, Pt. II, Trans. Faraday Soc., 20, 413–480.Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., 1928. The Evolution of the Igneous Rocks. Princeton.Google Scholar
Bowen, N. L., and Andersen, O., 1914. “The Binary System, MgO–SiO2”, Amer. J. Sci., 37, 487–500.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., and Posnjak, E., 1931. “Magnesian Amphibole from the Dry Melt: A Correction”, Amer. J. Sci., 22, 193–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bowen, N. L., and Tuttle, O. F., 1949. “The System MgO–SiO2–H2O”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 60, 439–446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brauns, R., 1904. “Der oberdevonische Pikrit und die aus ihm hervorgegangenen Neubildungen”, Neues Jb. Geol. Paläont., 18, 285–334.Google Scholar
Brauns, R., 1928. “Beobachtungen an Schmelzbasalt”, Zbl. Miner. Geol. Paläont., Abt. A, 348–351.Google Scholar
Brown, G. M., 1956. “The Layered Ultrabasic Rocks of Rhum, Inner Hebrides”, Phil. Trans., 240, 1–53.Google Scholar
Buckley, H. E., 1951. Crystal Growth. London.Google Scholar
Buerger, M. J., 1932. “The Significance of ‘Block Structure’ in Crystals”, Amer. Min., 17, 177–191.Google Scholar
Buerger, M. J., 1934. “The lineage Structure of Crystals”, Z. für Kristallogr., 89, 195–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buerger, M. J., 1947. “The Relative Importance of the Several Faces of a Crystal”, Amer. Min., 32, 593–606.Google Scholar
Clough, C. T., and Harker, A., 1898. “On a Coarsely Spherulitic (‘Variolitic’) Basalt in Skye”, Trans. Geol. Soc. Edin., 7, 281–291.Google Scholar
Clough, C. T., and Harker, A., 1904. “The Geology of West Central Skye with Soay”, Mem. Geol. Surv. Scot.Google Scholar
Cohen, E., 1880. “Ueber Laven von Hawaii und einigen anderem Inseln des Grossen Oceans nebst einigen Bemerkungen über glasige Gesteine im allgemeinen”, Neues Jb. Min. Geol. Paläont., 2, 23–62.Google Scholar
Dana, E. S., 1889. “Contributions to the Petrography of the Sandwich Islands”, Amer. J. Sci., 37, 441–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, C. F.. 1935. “The Tertiary Geology of Raasay, Inner Hebrides”, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., 58, 375–407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doss, B., 1886. “Die Basaltischen Laven und Tuffe der Provins Hauran und vom Diret et-Tulul in Syrien”, Miner. Petrogr. Mitt., 7, 461–534.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drever, H. I., 1952. “The Origin of some Ultramafic Rocks. A Preliminary Survey of the Evidence for and against Gravitative Accumulation of Olivine”, Medd. fra Geologisk Forening, 12, 227–229.Google Scholar
Drever, H. I., 1953. “A Note on the Field Relations of the Shiant Isles Picrite”, Geol Mag., 90, 159–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drever, H. I., 1955. Geology in St Andrews. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
Drever, H. I., 1956. “The Geology of Ubekendt Ejland, Part II. The Picritic Sheets and Dykes of the East Coast”, Medd. Grønland, 137, No. 4, 1–39.Google Scholar
Drever, H. I., and Livingstone, D. F., 1948. “Some Basaltic Rocks from West Greenland”, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin., B, 63, 97–114.Google Scholar
Du Toit, A. L., 1910. “Report on the copper-nickel deposits of the Insizwa, Mount Ayliff, East Griqualand”, Rep. Geol. Comm. C. G. H., 1910, 111–142.Google Scholar
Ernst, T., 1936. “Der Melilith-Basalt des Westberges bei Hofgeismar, nördlich von Kassel, ein Assimilationsprodukt ultrabasischer Gesteine”, Chemie der Erde, 10, 631–666.Google Scholar
Fouqué, F., and Michel-Lévy, A., 1881. “Reproduction des Basalts d'melaphyres labradoriques, des diabases et dolerites à structure ophitique”, Bull. Soc. Min. Fr., 277–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fouqué, F., and Michel-Lévy, A., 1882. Synthèse des Minéraux et des Roches. Paris.Google Scholar
Frankel, J. J., 1942. “Studies on Karroo Dolerites. 2. Some Younger Intrusions of Olivine Basaltic Dolerite”, Trans. Geol. Soc. S. Afr., 45, 1–26.Google Scholar
Gansser, A., 1950. “Geological and Petrological Notes on Gorgona Island in relation to north-western S. America”, Schweiz. Min. Petrogr. Mitt., 30, 219–237.Google Scholar
Harker, A., 1904. “The Tertiary Igneous Rocks of Skye”, Mem. Geol. Sun. U.K.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harker, A., 1909. The Natural History of Igneous Rocks. London.Google Scholar
Harris, N., 1937. “A Petrological Study of the Portrush Sill and its Veins”, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., 43, B, 95–134Google Scholar
Heddle, M. F. 1896. “On the Occurence of Tachylyte at Loch Screden, Mull”, Trans. Geol. Soc. Glasg., 10, 80–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hughes, C. J., 1956. “Geological Investigations in East Greenland, Pt. VI. A differentiated basic sill, etc.” Medd. Grønland, 137, 1–28.Google Scholar
Iddings, J. P., 1911. Rock Minerals. New York.Google Scholar
Johnston, R., 1953. “The Olivines of the Garbh Eilean Sill, Shiant Isles”, Geol. Mag., 90, 161–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, J. W., 1889. “On the Growth of Crystals in Igneous Rocks after their Consolidation”, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 45, 175–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, J. W., and Cole, G. A. J., 1883. “On the Basalt-Glass (Tachylyte) of the Western Isles of Scotland”, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 39, 444–465.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuno, H., 1950. “Petrology of the Hakone Volcano and the Adjacent Area, Japan”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 61, 957–1020.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kreutz, F., 1885. “Ueber Vesuvlaven von 1881 und 1883”, Miner. Petrogr. Mitt., 6, 133–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lacroix, A., 1936. Le Volcan Actif de l'ile de la Réunion et ses Produits. Paris.Google Scholar
Lawson, A. C., 1904. “The Orbicular Gabbro at Dehesa, San Diego Co., California”, Bull. Dept. Geol. Univ. Calif., 3, 383–396.Google Scholar
Lenarcic, J., 1903. “Über gegenseitige Löslichkeit und Ausscheidungefolge der Mineralien im Schmelzflusse”, Zbl. Miner. Geol. Päldont., Abt. A, 743–751.Google Scholar
Macdonald, G. A., 1944. “The 1840 Eruption and Crystal Differentiation in the Kilauean Magma Column”, Amer. J. Sci., 242, 177–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morozewicz, J., 1899. “Experimentelle Untersuchungen uber die Bildung der Minerale im Magma”, Miner. Petrogr. Mitt., 18, 177–197.Google Scholar
Murray, R. J., 1954. “The Clinopyroxenes of the Garbh Eilean Sill, Shiant Isles”, Geol. Mag., 91, 17–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osborn, E. F., and Tait, D. B., 1952. “The System Diopside-Forsterite-Anorthite”, Amer. J. Sci., Bowen Vol., 413–433.Google Scholar
Penck, A., 1878. “Studien uber lockere vulcanische Auswütflinge”, Z. Dtsch. Geol. Ges., 30, 97–129.Google Scholar
Poldervaart, A., 1944. “The Petrology of the Elephant's Head Dike and the New Amalfi Sheet (Matatiele)”, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr., 30, 85–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portevin, A., 1928. “Le Basalte Fondu”, Mem. Soc. Ing. Civ. Fr., 266–300.Google Scholar
Powers, H. A., 1955. “Composition and Origin of Basaltic Magma of the Hawaiian Islands”, Geochim. et Cosmochim. Acta, 7, 77–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reusch, H., 1882, in Mohn, H. “Contributions to the Geography and Natural History of the northern regions of Europe”, Den Norske Nordhavs Expedition 1876–1878, 1, p. 29. Christiania.Google Scholar
Rinne, F., 1891. “Ueber Olivin—und Plagioklasskellete”, Neues. J. Min. Geol. Paläont., 2, 272–285.Google Scholar
Rosenbusch, H., 1888. Microscopical Physiography of the Rock-making Minerals (Translated and Abridged by Iddings, J. P.). London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwantke, A., 1904. “Die Basalte der Gegend von Hornberg an der Ohen insbesondere der Dolerit des Hohen Berges bei Ofleiden”, Neues. Jb. Min. Geol. Paläont, 18, 460–527.Google Scholar
Shafranovsky, I. I., and Grigoriev, D. P., 1953. “On the question of the distinctive features of the rounded solution forms of crystals” (translated title), Min. Sbornik, Lvov Geol. Soc., 7, 21–28.Google Scholar
Stecher, E. von, 1888. “Contacterscheinungen an Schottischen Olivindiabasen”, Miner. Petrogr. Mitt., 9, 145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Streng, A., 1888. “Ueber der Dolerit von Londorf”, Neues. Jb. Min. Geol. Paläont., 2, 181–229.Google Scholar
Tammann, G., 1925. “Glasses as Supercooled Liquids”, J. Soc. Glass Tech., 9, 166–185.Google Scholar
Tilley, C. E., 1951. “Some Aspects of Magmatic Evolution”, Quart. J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 106, 37–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomkeieff, S. I., 1940. “The Basalt Lavas of the Giant's Causeway District of Northern Ireland”, Bull. Volcan. (II), 6, 89–144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tuttle, O. F., and Twenhofel, S. W., 1946. “Effect of Temperature on Lineage Structure in some Synthetic Crystals”, Amer. Min., 31, 569–573.Google Scholar
Vogt, J. H. L., 1884. “Studier om Slagger”, Bih. Svensk. Vetensk Akad. Handl., 9, No. 1.Google Scholar
Vogt, J. H. L., 1921. “The Physical Chemistry of the Crystallisation and Magmatic Differentiation of Igneous Rocks”, J. Geol., 29, 320.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, F., and Poldervaart, A., 1949. “The Karoo Dolerites of the Union of South Africa”, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 60, 501–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wervecke, L. van, 1879. “Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Limburgite”, Neues. Jb. Min. Geol. Paläont., 1, 481–489.Google Scholar
Yoder, H. S. Jnr., 1952. “The MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O System and the Related Metamorphic Facies”, Amer. J. Sci., Bowen vol., 569–627.Google Scholar