Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T05:09:02.796Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

True flies (Insecta: Diptera) from the late Eocene insect limestone (Bembridge Marls) of the Isle of Wight, England, UK

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2019

Wiesław KRZEMIŃSKI ,
Vladimir BLAGODEROV ,
Dany AZAR ,
Elena LUKASHEVICH ,
Ryszard SZADZIEWSKI ,
Sonja WEDMANN ,
André NEL ,
François-Marie COLLOMB ,
Alain WALLER  and
David B. NICHOLSON
Wiesław KRZEMIŃSKI*
Affiliation:
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ul. Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland. Email: [email protected]
Vladimir BLAGODEROV
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers St., Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK.
Dany AZAR
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences II, Lebanese University, Fanar – Matn, P. O. box 26110217, Lebanon.
Elena LUKASHEVICH
Affiliation:
Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str. 123, 117868 Moscow, Russia.
Ryszard SZADZIEWSKI
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, University of Gdańsk, Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland.
Sonja WEDMANN
Affiliation:
Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum, Research station Grube Messel, Markstraße 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany.
André NEL
Affiliation:
CNRS UMR 5202, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France.
François-Marie COLLOMB
Affiliation:
CNRS UMR 5202, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France.
Alain WALLER
Affiliation:
CNRS UMR 5202, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005, Paris, France.
David B. NICHOLSON
Affiliation:
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK.
*
*Corresponding author
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The Diptera fauna from the late Eocene of the Isle of Wight (Bembridge Marls) is studied including redescriptions of formerly described material. The fauna includes the following taxa: Anisopodidae – one species; Bibionidae – 11 species; Ceratopogonidae – one described and two unidentified species; Chironomidae – undetermined species of three subfamilies; Culicidae – four species; Cylindrotomidae – one species; Dixidae – one species; Keroplatidae – one described and four unidentified species; Limoniidae – 31 species; Mycetophilidae – 14 species; Psychodidae – two species; Scatopsidae – two species; Sciaridae – three species; Simuliidae – an unnamed species; Tipulidae – nine species. Diptera Brachycera: Agromyzidae – unidentified species; Anthomyzidae – two species; Asilidae – two species; Bombyliidae – one species; Chloropidae – one species; Dolichopodidae – unidentified species; Empididae – unidentified species; Ephydridae – two species; Heleomyzidae – unidentified species; Lauxaniidae – unidentified species; Otitidae – one species; Phoridae – unidentified species; Rhagionidae – two species; Stratiomyidae – two species; Syrphidae – unidentified species; Tabanidae – one species. Following new taxa are described: Leptotarsus (Longurio) fragmentatus Krzemiński, n. sp., Leptotarsus (Longurio) wegiereki Krzemiński, n. sp., Tipula (s. lato) anglicana Krzemiński, n. sp. (Tipulidae); Cyttaromyiarossi Krzemiński, n. sp. (Cylindrotomidae); Gurnardia corami Krzemiński, n. gen, n. sp., Pilaria hooleyi Krzemiński, n. sp., Pilaria volodii Krzemiński, n. sp., Cheilotrichia (Cheilotrichia) duplicata Krzemiński, n. sp., Cheilotrichia (Empeda) szwedoi Krzemiński, n. sp., Symplecta (Psiloconopa) gurnetensis Krzemiński, n. sp., Orimarga (Orimarga) lenae Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) azari Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranomyia (Dicranomyia) fasciata Krzemiński, n. sp., Helius (Helius) edmundi Krzemiński, n. sp., Helius (Helius) popovi Krzemiński, n. sp., Dicranoptycha staryi Krzemiński, n. sp. (Limoniidae); Wightipsychoda Azar, n. gen. (Psychodidae); Dilophus andrewrossi Nel, Colomb & Waller, n. sp., Bibiodes massiliensis Nel, Colomb & Waller, n. sp. (Bibionidae); Azana cockerelli Blagoderov, n. sp., Aglaomyia vectis Blagoderov, n. sp., Dziedzickia oligocenica Blagoderov, n. sp., Palaeoempalia saxea Blagoderov, n. sp., Mycomyahoolei Blagoderov, n. sp., Leia gurnardensis Blagoderov, n. sp. (Mycetophilidae); Regmocleminahaennii Krzemiński, n. sp. (Scatopsidae); Sylvicola problematica Krzemiński, n. sp. (Anisopodidae); Palaeoberidops barkeri Nicholson, n. gen., n. sp. (Stratiomyidae). The Diptera fauna and palaeohabitat of the Insect Bed is discussed.

Keywords

fossil insectsnew taxa
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 110 , Issue 3-4: The Fauna and Flora of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK, Volume 2 , September 2019 , pp. 495 - 554
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

5. References

Adler, P. H. and Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. 2004. The black flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Adler, P. H. & Crosskey, R. W. 2011. World blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae): a comprehensive revision of the taxonomic and geographical inventory. http://entweb.clemson.edu/biomia/pdfs/blackflyinventory.pdf (accessed 21 December 2011).Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1919. The crane-flies of New York. Part I. Distribution and taxonomy of the adult flies. Memoirs, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station 25, 767–993.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1920. New or little-known crane-flies in the Queensland museum (Tipulidae, Diptera). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 7, 52–63.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1922. New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). I. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 47, 581–590.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1931. Crane-flies of the Baltic amber (Diptera). Bernstein-Forschung 2, 1–135.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1944. New or little-known species of Australian Tipulidae (Diptera). II. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 69, 1–15.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1956. Tipulidae. Ruwenzori Expedition 1934–35 1, 129–380.Google Scholar
Alexander, C. P. 1971. New or little-known Tipulidae from Chile and Peru (Diptera: Tipulidae). Part III. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural 4, 157–181.Google Scholar
Ansorge, J. 1992. Dixa cimbrica n. sp., ein Vertreter der Dixidae (Diptera nematocera) aus der oberpaleozänen/untereozänen Fur-Formation (Moler) Jütlands (Dänemark). Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Paläontologie, Stuttgart 9, 513–518.Google Scholar
Armbruster, L. 1938. Versteinerte Honigbiennen aus dem Obermiocänen Randecker Maar. 3. Archiv für Bienenkunde 19, 97–133.Google Scholar
Beckenbach, A. T. & Borkent, A. 2003. Molecular analysis of the biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 2. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 27, 21–35.Google Scholar
Bigot, J. M. 1854. Essai d'une classification générale et synoptique de l'ordre des Insectes Diptères. III. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 3, 447–482.Google Scholar
Billberg, G. J. 1820. Enumeratio insectorum in Museo Gustave Jolninn Billberg.Google Scholar
Blagoderov, V. A. 2007. New species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Palaeocene Sakhalin amber, Russia. Alavesia 1, 27–36.Google Scholar
Blagoderov, V. A. & Grimaldi, D. 2004. Fossil Sciaroidea (Diptera) in Cretaceous ambers, exclusive of Cecidomyiidae, Sciaridae, and Keroplatidae. American Museum Novitates 3433, 1–76.Google Scholar
Blanchard, E. 1840. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Orthopteres, nevropteres, hemipteres, hymenopteres, lepidopteres et dipteres. In de Laporte, F. L. (ed.) Histoire naturelledes animaux articules, vol. 3, 672. Paris: P. Duménil.Google Scholar
Blanchard, R. 1901. Observations sur quelques moustiques. Comptes Réndus des Séances de la Société de Biologie 53, 1045–6.Google Scholar
Borkent, A. & Grimaldi, D. A. 2004. The earliest fossil mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), in Mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 97, 882–888.Google Scholar
Borkent, A. & Wirth, W. W. 1997. World species of biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 233, 1–257.Google Scholar
Brammer, C. A. & von Dohlen, C. D. 2007. Evolutionary history of Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera): the molecular phylogeny of a diverse family of flies. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43, 660–673.Google Scholar
Brunetti, E. 1911. Revision of the Oriental Tipulidae with description of new species. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta 6, 231–314.Google Scholar
Chandler, P. J. 1999. Creagdhubhia mallochorum gen. and sp. n. (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), a remarkable new Scottish gnat with a discussion of its relationships. British Journal of Entomology and Natural History 12, 121–134.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1915. British fossil insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 49, 469–499.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1917a. New Tertiary insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 52, 373–384.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1917b. Styringomyia fossil in England. Entomologist 50, 141.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1920. Fossil arthropods in the British Museum – IV. Annales and Magazine of Natural History 6, 211–214.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1921. Fossil Arthropods in the British Museum – VI. Oligocene insects from Gurnet Bay, Isle of Wight. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 9 7, 453–480.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1922. New name for a fossil tipulid fly. Entomologist. 55, 17.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1924. Fossil insects in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States Natlional Museum 64, 1–15.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1925. Plant and insects from the Green River Eocene of Colorado. Proceedings of the United States Natlional Museum 66, 1–13.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. & Haines, F. H. 1921. Fossil Tipulidae from the Oligocene of the Isle of Wight (part). Entomologist 54, 81–84, 109–2.Google Scholar
Cook, E. F. 1981. 20. Scatopsidae. In McAlpine, J. K., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (eds.) Manual of Nearctic Diptera, 1, 313–319. Research Brance, Agriculture Canada. Monograph No. 27.Google Scholar
Coquillett, D. W. 1904. New North American Diptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 6, 166–192.Google Scholar
Coquillett, D. W. 1910. The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 37, 499–647.Google Scholar
Crosskey, R. W. 1990. The natural history of blackflies. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Currie, D. C. & Grimaldi, D. 2000. A new black fly (Diptera:Simuliidae) genus from mid Cretaceous (Turonian) amber of New Jersey. In Grimaldi, D. (ed.) Studies on fossils in amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey, 473–485. Leiden: Blackhuys Publishers.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. 1833. British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, 10, 434–481. London: Privately published.Google Scholar
Curtis, J. 1837. British entomology; being illustrations and descriptions of the genera of insects found in Great Britain and Ireland, 14, 626–673. London: Privately published.Google Scholar
Dahl, C. 1997. Diptera Culicidae, mosquitoes. In Nilsson, A. (ed.) Aquatic insects of North Europe –- a taxonomic handbook, vol. 2 Odonata – Diptera, 163–186. Stenstrup, Denmark: Apollo Books.Google Scholar
Disney, R. H. L. 1975. A key to British Dixidae, 31. Freshwater Biological Association Scientific Publication.Google Scholar
Duckhouse, D. A. 1966. Psychodidae (Diptera, Nematocera) of Southern Australia: subfamily Psychodinae. Transaction of the Royal Entomological Society of London 118, 153–220.Google Scholar
Duméril, A. M. C. 1805. Zoologie analytique, ou méthode naturelle de classification des animaux, rendue plus facile à l'aide de tableaux synoptiques. Paris: Allais.Google Scholar
von Dürrenfeldt, A. 1968. Dipteren aus dem Oberpliozän von Willershausen. Berichte der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Hannover 6, 43–79.Google Scholar
Dyar, H. G. 1905. Remarks on genitalic genera in the Culicidae. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 7, 42–49.Google Scholar
Dyar, H. G. & Shannon, R. C. 1924. Some new species of American Dixa Meigen. Insecutor Inscitiae Menstruus 12, 193–201.Google Scholar
Dziedzicki, H. 1885. Przyczynek do fauny owadow dwuskrzydlych. Rodzaje nowe: Hertwigia, Nov. Gen., Eyrucera, Nov. Gen. i gatunki rodzajow Boletina, Sciophila. Pamietnik Fizyjograficzny 5, 164–194.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1923. Oligocene mosquitoes in the British Museum; with a summary of present knowledge concerning fossil Culicidae. Quarterly Journal of Geological Society of London 79, 139–155.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1925. British fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycerophilidae), with generic classification of the family. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1924, 505–662.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1932. Diptera: family Culicidae. In Wytsman, P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum, 194. Brussels: V. Verteneuil and L. Desmet.Google Scholar
Edwards, F. W. 1940. Redefinition and synonymy of some genera of amber fungus-gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B. 9, 120–6.Google Scholar
Enderlein, 1936. Ordnung: Zweiflügler, Diptera. In Brohmer, P., Ehrmann, P. & Ulmer, G. (eds) Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas 6: Insekten III Teil, Abt. 16, Leipzig.Google Scholar
Evenhuis, N. L. 1994. Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Leiden: Backhuys Publishers.Google Scholar
Fabricius, J. C. 1781. Species insectorum exhibentes eorum differentias specificas, synonyma, auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin adiectis observationibus, descriptionibus. Hamburgi et Kilonii [=Hamburg and Kiel] 2, 1–517.Google Scholar
Fabricius, J. C. 1805. Systema Antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiecta synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Brunsvigae [=Brunswick]: C. Reichard.Google Scholar
Ficalbi, E. 1889. Descrizione di una specie nuova. (Notizia preventive sulle zanzare italiane. II.a. Nota preventiva). Bolletino della Società Entomologica Italiana 21, 50–3.Google Scholar
Fitzgerald, S. J. 1999. A new species of Plecia from the Green River formation and new combinations of fossil Bibionidae (Diptera). Great Basin Naturalist 59, 182–7.Google Scholar
Freiwald, A. 1991. Insekten aus der Fur-Formation von Dänemark (Moler, ob. Paleozän/unt. Eozän?). 5. Cylindrotomidae (Diptera: Tipulomorpha). Meyniana 43, 97–123.Google Scholar
Freiwald, A. & Krzemiński, W. 1991. Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipulomorpha) from the Paleogene of Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya (Eastern Asiatic USSR). Paläontologisches Zeitschrift 65, 339–344.Google Scholar
Gale, A. S., Huggett, J. M., Pälike, H., Laurie, E., Hailwood, E. A. & Hardenbol, J. 2006. Correlation of Eocene–Oligocene marine and continental records: orbital cyclicity, magnetostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Solent Group, Isle of Wight, UK. Journal of the Geological Society 163, 401–415.Google Scholar
Gentilini, G. 1984. Limoniidae and Trichoceridae (Diptera, Nematocera) from the Upper Miocene of Monte Castellaro (Pesaro, Central Italy). Bollettino del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona 11, 171–190.Google Scholar
Geoffroy, E. L. 1762. Histoire abregee des insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris; dans laquelle ces animaux sont ranges suivant un ordre methodique, vol. 2. Paris: Durand.Google Scholar
Guerin-Meneville, F. E. 1831. Insectes, plates 20–21. In Duperrey, L. I. (ed.) Voyage autour du monde, execute par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de sa majeste La Coquille etc. Histoire naturelle, zoologie, plates 1–21. Paris: Atlas.Google Scholar
Haliday, A. H. 1856. Addenda and corrigenda. In Walker, F. (ed.) Insecta Britannica, 3, xi–xxv. Diptera. London: Reeve & Benham.Google Scholar
Hardy, D. E. 1981. Family Bibionidae. In McAlpine, J. F., Perterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, vol. 1, 217–222. Quebec: Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27. Canadian Government Publishing Centre.Google Scholar
Harris, A. C. 1983. An Eocene larval insect fossil (Diptera: Bibionidae) from North Otago, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 13, 93–105.Google Scholar
Harris, M. 1780. An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. The Whole illustrated with copper plates, drawn, engraved, and coloured, by the author. [Decads III & IV.], 73–138. London: Robson Co.Google Scholar
Hennig, W. 1966. Dixidae aus dem Baltischen Bernstein, mit Bemerkungen über einige andere fossile Arten aus der Gruppen Culicoidea (Diptera Nematocera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Stuttgart 153, 1–16.Google Scholar
von Heyden, L. 1870. Fossile Dipteren aus der Braunkohle von Rott im Siebengebirge. Palaeontographica 17, 237–266.Google Scholar
Hinton, H. E. 1965. The spiracular gill of the fly Orimargula australiensis and its relation to those of other insects. Australian Journal of Zoology 13, 783–800.Google Scholar
Hong, Y.-C. 1981. Eocene fossil Diptera in amber in Fushun coalfield [in Chinese, English summary]. Peking (=Beijing): Geological Publishing House.Google Scholar
Hong, Y.-C. 2002. Amber insects of China. Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Press.Google Scholar
Hong, Y.-C., Guo, X.-R. & Ren, D. 2000. A new genus – Eopalpomyitis gen. nov. from Eocene Fushun amber and discussion of its taxonomic position. Acta Parasitologica et Medica Entomologica Sinica 7, 225–234.Google Scholar
Huang, D.-Y. & Lin, Q.-B. 2007. A new soldier fly (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) from the Lower Cretaceous of Liaoning Province, northeast China. Cretaceous Research 28, 317–321.Google Scholar
Hutson, A. M. 1979. Notes on Sciophilinae (Dipt., Mycetophilidae) with a revision of Palaearctic Syntemna Winnertz. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 114, 131–145.Google Scholar
Hynes, C. D. 1987. New species of the genus Styringomyia from the South Pacific and Southeast Asia (Diptera, Tipulidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63, 92–7 and 205.Google Scholar
Jaennicke, F. 1867. Neue exotische Dipteren aus den Museen zu Frankfurt a. M. und Darmstadt. Abhandlungen herausgegeben von der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 6, 311–407Google Scholar
James, M. T. 1937. A preliminary review of certain families of Diptera from the florissant miocene beds. Journal of Paleontology 11, 241–7.Google Scholar
James, M. T. 1938. Family Bibionidae, pp. 114–116. In Carpenter, F. M., Snyder, T. E., Alexander, C. P., James, M. T. & Hull, F. M. (eds) Fossil insects from the Creede formation, Colorado. Part 1. Introduction, Neuroptera, Isoptera and Diptera. Psyche 45, 105–119.Google Scholar
James, M. T. 1981. Stratiomyidae. In McAlpine, J. F., Perterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (eds) Manual of the Nearctic Diptera, 1, 497–511. Quebec: Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Monograph 27. Canadian Government Publishing Centre.Google Scholar
Jarzembowski, E. A. 1976. Report of Easter field meeting: the lower tertiaries of the Isle of Wight, 27-31.III.1975. Tertiary Research 1, 11–6.Google Scholar
Jarzembowski, E. A. 1980. Fossil insects from the Bembridge Marls, Palaeogene of the Isle of Wight, Southern England. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series 33, 237–293.Google Scholar
Jell, P. A. & Duncan, P. M. 1986. Invertebrates, mainly insects, from the freshwater, lower cretaceous, koonwarra fossil bed (Korumburra Group), South Gippsland, Victoria. In Jell, P.A. & Roberts, J. (eds) Plants and invertebrates from the Lower Cretacous Koonwarra Fossil Bed, South Gippsland, Victoria, 111–205. Sydney: Association of Australasian Palaeontologists.Google Scholar
Johannsen, O. A. 1909. Diptera. Fam. Mycetophilidae. Genera Insectorum 93, 141.Google Scholar
Kalugina, N. S. & Kovalev, V. G. 1985. [Dipterous Insects of Jurassic Siberia], 1–198. Moscow: Paleontological Institute, Academia Nauk [in Russian].Google Scholar
Kieffer, J. J. 1906. Diptera. Fam. Chironomidae. In Wytsman, P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum, vol. 42, 78 pp., 4 plates. Brussels: V. Verteneuil & L. Desmet.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J. J. 1911a. Description de nouveaux chironomides de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta. Records of the Indian Museum 6, 113–177.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J. J. 1911b. Les chironomides (Tendipedidae) de l'Himalaya et d'Assam. Records of The Indian Museum 6, 319–349.Google Scholar
Kieffer, J. J. 1911c. Nouvelles descriptions de chironomides obtenus d'éclosion. Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz 27, 1–60.Google Scholar
Knab, F. 1912. New species of Anisopidae (Rhyphidae) from tropical America. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 25, 111–3.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. 1985. Limoniidae (Diptera Nematocera) from Baltic amber (in the collection of the Museum of the Earth in Warsaw). Part I. Subfamily Limoniinae. Prace Muzeum Ziemi 37, 113–117.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. 1991. Revision of the fossil Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Nematocera) from Florissant and White River, USA. Paläontologisches Zeitschrift 65, 333–8.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. 1992. Triassic and Lower Jurassic stage of Diptera evolution. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 65, 39–59.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. 1996. A revision of fossil Megistocera and Brachypremna (diptera: Tipulidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 65, 275–278.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. 1998. Cyttaromyia frelloi, sp. nov., first representative of the family Cylindrotomidae in Baltic amber (Diptera, Tipulomorpha). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 67, 303–8.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W., Krzemińska, E. & Papier, F. 1994. Grauvogelia arzvilleriana sp. n. – the oldest Diptera species (Lower/Middle Triassic of France). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensis 37, 95–99.Google Scholar
Krzemińska, E., Krzemiński, W. & Dahl, C. H. 2009. Monograph of fossil Trichoceridae (Diptera) over 180 million years of evolution. Krakow: Institute of Systematic and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
Krzeminski, W. & Arillo, A. 2008. A new species, Symplecta (Psiloconopa) penalveri n. sp. (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Miocene of Spain. Alavesia 2, 211–213.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. & Evenhuis, N. 2000. Review of Diptera palaeontological records. In Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (eds) Contributions to Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, vol. I, 535–564. Budapest: Science Herald.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. & Gentilini, G. 1992. New information on Limoniidae from Monte Castellaro, Italy (Upper Miocene). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 35, 87–95.Google Scholar
Krzemiński, W. & Krzemińska, E. 2003. Triassic Diptera: description, revisions and phylogenetic relations. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 46 (suppl.), 153–184.Google Scholar
Latreille, P. A. 1802. Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes; ouvrage faisant suite aux oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du cours complet d'histoire naturelle rédigé par C. S. Sonnini, vol. 2. Paris: F. Dufart.Google Scholar
Latreille, P. A. 1804. Tableau methodique des insectes. In Societe de Naturalistes et d'Agriculteurs, Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle. Tome 24, 129–200. [Section 3]: Tableaux methodiques d'histoire naturelle. Paris: Deterville.Google Scholar
Latreille, P. A. 1809. Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum … Tomus Quartus et Ultimas. A. Koenig, Parisiis et Argentorati [=Paris & Strasbourg].Google Scholar
Latreille, P. A. 1810. Considerations generales sur lordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustaces, des arachnides, et des insectes; avec un tableau methodique de leurs genres, disposes en familles. Paris: Schoell.Google Scholar
Lenz, F. 1934. 13a. Heleidae (Ceratopogonidae). In Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der paläarktischen Region, vol. 3, 95–133 (Lfg 78). Stuttgart: Schweizerbart.Google Scholar
Lepeletier, A. L. M. & Serville, J. G. A. 1828. In Latreille, P. A., Lepeletier, A. L. M., Serville, J. G. A., Guerin Meneville, F. E. 1828. Entomologie, ou histoire naturelle des crustaces, des crachnides et des insectes. Societe de Gens de Lettres, de Savans et d'Artistes: Encyclopedie methodique [q.v.]. Histoire naturelle Paris 10, 345–833.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum caracteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvii, Holmiae [=Stockholm].Google Scholar
Loew, H. 1845. Dipterologische beitrage. Erster theil. [Zu der] offentlichen Prufung der Schuler der Koniglichen Friedrich-Wilhelms Gymnasiums. Posen 1845, 1–50.Google Scholar
Loew, H. 1850. Über den Bernstein und die Bernsteinfauna. Programm der Koniglichen Realschule zu Meseritz, Mitler, Berlin 1850, 1–44.Google Scholar
Loew, H. 1869. Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 13, 1–52.Google Scholar
Lukashevich, E. D. 1996. Mesozoic Dixidae (Insecta: Diptera) and systematic position of Dixamimima rohdendorf, 1964 and Rhaetomyia rohdendorf, 1962. Paleotologicheskii Zhurnal, Moscow 1, 48–53 [in Russian, English translation in Paleontological Journal 30, 46–51].Google Scholar
Lukashevich, E. D., Coram, R. A. & Jarzembowski, E. A. 2001. New true flies (Insecta: Diptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Cretaceous Research 22, 451–460.Google Scholar
Lynch Arribálzaga, F. 1891. Dipterologia Argentina. Revista del Museo de La Plata 2, 131–174.Google Scholar
Macquart, J. 1827. Insectes dipteres du nord de la France. Platypezines, dolichopodes, empides, hybotides. Lille: L. Daniel.Google Scholar
Macquart, J. 1834. Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Dipteres Roret Paris 1, 1–578.Google Scholar
Macquart, J. 1838. Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome 1. – 2e partie. Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Arts de Lille 1–221. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret.Google Scholar
Macquart, J. 1846. Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplement. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences, de lAgriculture et des Arts a Lille 1844, 133–364.Google Scholar
Marshall, J. F. & Staley, J. 1931. Stereoscopic photomicrograph of Oligocene fossil insects from the Isle of Wight. The Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London 6, 38–40.Google Scholar
Martini, E. 1929–1931. 11. U 12. Culicidae. In Lindner, E. (ed.) Die Fliegen der paläarktischen Region, Lieferung 33, Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Matile, L. 1992. Review of the Afrotropical Gnoristinae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with descriptions of nine new species and first record of Synapha Meigen. Annals of the Natal Museum 33, 189–202.Google Scholar
McAlpine, J. F. 1981. Morphology and terminology – adult. In McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (eds) Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1, Monograph No. 27, 9–63. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.Google Scholar
McAlpine, J. F. & Martin, J. E. H. 1969. Canadian amber – a paleontological treasure-chest. Canadian Entomologist. 101, 819–838.Google Scholar
Meigen, J. W. 1803. Versuch einer neuen Gattungs-Eintheilung der europäischen zweiflügligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde 2, 259–281.Google Scholar
Meigen, J. W. 1804. Klassifikazion und Beschreibung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten (Diptera Linn.), Erster Band. Braunschweig: Reichard.Google Scholar
Meigen, J. W. 1818. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten Europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Erster Theil. Aachen: F. W. Forstmann.Google Scholar
Meigen, J. W. 1830. Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten, Sechster Theil. Hamm: Schulz.Google Scholar
Meigen, J. W. 1838. Systematische Beschreiburg der Bekannten Europaischen Zweiflugeligen Insecten, vol. VII. Aachen.Google Scholar
Melander, A. L. 1912. The dipterous genus Bibiodes. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 31, 337–341.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1897. Sur un mycetophilide de l'ambre tertiaire. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France 1897, 218.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1904. Monographie des Cecidomyidae, des Sciaridae, des Mycetophilidae et des Chironomidae de l'ambre de la Baltique [concl.]. Annales de la Société Scientifique de Bruxelles 28, 93–275.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1906. Monographie des Tipulidae et des Dixidae de l'Ambre de la Baltique. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie, Paris, Series 9 4, 349–401.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1915. Nouvelles recherches sur quelques insects des plâtrières d'Aix en Province. Verhandelingen der koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen le Amsterdam 18, 1–23.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1917. Ueber einige Mycetophiliden und Tipuliden des Bernsteins nebst Beschreibung der Gattung Palaeotanypeza (Tanypezinae) derselben Formation. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geologie und Paläontologie 1917, 73–106.Google Scholar
Meunier, F. 1923. Nouvelle contribution a la monographie des “Mycetophilidae” (Ceroplatinae, Mycetophilinae et Sciophilinae) de l'ambre de la Baltique <part>. Revue scientifique du Bourbonnais et du centre de la France 1923, 14–34..+Revue+scientifique+du+Bourbonnais+et+du+centre+de+la+France+1923,+14–34.>Google Scholar
Mik, J. 1866. Beitrag zur Dipterenfauna des Osterreichischen Kustenlandes. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 16, 301–310.Google Scholar
Nel, A. & Prokop, J. 2004. New Paleogene Scatopsidae (Diptera: Nematocera) in amber from Czech Republic and France. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae 68, 91–8.Google Scholar
Newman, E. 1834. Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine 2, 379–431.Google Scholar
Osten Sacken, C. R. 1860. Appendix to the paper entitled New genera and species of North American Tipulidae with short palpi, etc. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 1860, 15–7.Google Scholar
Osten Sacken, C. R. 1869. Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part IV. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 8, 1–345.Google Scholar
Osten Sacken, C. R. 1878. Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. 22nd edn. 2. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 16, 2.Google Scholar
Osten Sacken, C. R. 1887. Studies on Tipulidae. Part 1. Review of the published genera of the Tipulidae longipalpi. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift 30, 153–188.Google Scholar
Palmer, A. R. 1957. Miocene Arthropods from the Mojave Desert, California. Geological Survey Professional Paper , 237–277.Google Scholar
Pape, T., Blagoderov, V. & Mostovski, M. B. 2011. Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148, 222–229.Google Scholar
Peters, T. M. 1989. Superfamily Culicoidea. 19. Family Dixidae. In Evenhuis, N. L. (ed.) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions, 187–8. Leiden: Bishop Museum Press.Google Scholar
Philippi, R. A. 1865. Aufzahlung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. 15, 595–782.Google Scholar
Pierce, W. D. 1966. Fossil arthropods of California. 29. Silicified Miocene pupae of ceratopogonid flies. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 65, 81–98.Google Scholar
Pinto, L. G. & Amorim, D. 2000. Bibionidae morfologia e analise filogenetica. Serie Teses. Dissertacoes e Monografias, Holos Editora, Ribeirao Preto, 2, 1–98.Google Scholar
Podenas, S. 1999. New species of fossil mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae) from the Baltic amber. Acta Zoologica Lituanica 9, 111–4.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. 2005. Culex malariager, n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Dominican amber: the first fossil mosquito vector of Plasmodium. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 107, 548–553.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O., Zavortink, T. J., Pike, T. & Johnston, P. A. 2000. Paleoculicis minutus (Diptera: Culicidae) n. gen., n. sp., from Cretaceous Canadian amber, with a summary of described fossil mosquitoes. Acta Geologica Hispanica 35, 119–128.Google Scholar
Quate, L. W. 1954. A revision of the Psychodidae of the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 15, 335–356.Google Scholar
Quate, L. W. & Vockeroth, J. R. 1981. Psychodidae. In McAlpine, J. F., Peterson, B. V., Shewell, G. E., Teskey, H. J., Vockeroth, J. R. & Wood, D. M. (eds). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1, Monograph No. 27, 17, 293–300. Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.Google Scholar
Reinert, J. F. 2000. New classification for the composite genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae: Aedini), elevation of subgenus Ochlerotatus to generic rank, reclassification of the other subgenera, and notes on certain subgenera and species. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 16, 175–188.Google Scholar
Ribeiro, G. C. 2003. Systematics of the Neotropical species of Styringomyia Loew (Diptera: Tipulidae: Limoniidae). Zootaxa 253, 1–35.Google Scholar
Rice, H. M. A. 1959. Fossil Bibionidae (Diptera) from British Columbia. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Canada 55, i–x, 1–36.Google Scholar
Rohdendorf, B. B. 1946. Evolution of the wing and the phylogeny of Oligoneura (Diptera, Nematocera). Trudy Paleontologičeskogo Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR 13, 5–108 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Rondani, C. 1840. Sopra alcuni nuovi generi di insetti ditteri. Memoria seconda per servir alla ditterologia italiana. Parma: Donati.Google Scholar
Rondani, C. 1841. Progetto di una classificazione in famiglie degli insetti ditteri Europei. Memoria terza per servir alla ditterologia italiana. Parma: Donati.Google Scholar
Rondani, C. 1848. Esame di varie specie d'insetti ditteri brasiliani. Studi Entomologici. Turin 1, 63–112.Google Scholar
Rondani, C. 1856. Dipterologiae Italicae Prodromus, vol. . Genera Italica. Parmae [=Parma]: A. Stoschi.Google Scholar
Ross, A. J. & Self, A. 2014. The fauna and flora of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK: introduction, history and geology. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104, 233–244.Google Scholar
Rossi, F. W. 1848. Systematisches Verzeichniss der zweiflugelichten Insecten (Diptera) des Erzherzogthumes Osterreich mit Angabe des Standortes, der Flugzeit und einigen andern physiologischen Bemerkungen. Wien.Google Scholar
Royer, D. L., Wing, S. L., Beerling, D. J., Jolley, D. W., Koch, P. L., Hickey, L. J. & Berner, R. A. 2001. Paleobotanical evidence for near present-day levels of atmospheric CO2 during part of the Tertiary. Science 292, 2310–2313.Google Scholar
Satchell, G. H. 1950. The New Zealand Psychodidae: a study based upon the collection and manuscript notes of the late Dr. A. L. Tonnoir. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society, London 101, 147–178.Google Scholar
Savchenko, E. N. 1973. Two new species of Limoniid-flies (Diptera, Limoniidae) from the Ukrainian Carpathians. Zbirnyk Prats Zoolohichnoho Muzeyu. Kiev 35, 38–42 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Savchenko, E. N. 1982. Komari-Limonijidi (subfamily Eriopterinae). Fauna Ukrajiny 14, 1–335 [in Ukrainian].Google Scholar
Savchenko, E. N. 1985. Komary-limoniidy. Subfamily Limoniinae. Fauna Ukrainy 14, 1–180 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Savchenko, E. N. 1986. Komary-limoniidy (General description, subfamilies Pediciinae and Haxatominae). Fauna Ukrainy 14, 1–380 [in Russian].Google Scholar
Schiner, J. R. 1863. Vorlaufiger Commentar zum dipterologischen Theile der Fauna austriaca. V [concl.]. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift 7, 217–226.Google Scholar
Schiner, J. R. 1868. Diptera. In von Wuellerstorf-Urbain, B. (ed.). Reise der oesterreichnischen Fregatte Novara. Zool., vol. 2. Wien: B.K. Gerold's Sohn.Google Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1877. The insects of the tertiary beds at Quesnel (British Columbia). Repport of Progress of the Geological Survey of Canada 2, 741–762.Google Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1894. Tertiary Tipulidae, with special reference to those of Florisant, Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 32, 163–245.Google Scholar
Seguy, E. 1934. Un nouveau cylindrotomine fossile (Tipulidae). Encyclopedie Entomologique. (B II), Diptera 7, 47–8.Google Scholar
Sharp, D. 1890. Insecta. In Beddard, F. E. (ed.) The zoological record for 1889; being volume the twenty-sixth of the record of zoological literature, 1–320. London: Zoological Society.Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E., Lukashevich, E. D. & Blagoderov, V. A. 1995. Triassic Diptera and initial radiation of the order. An International Journal of Dipterological Research 6, 75–115.Google Scholar
Shih, Ch., Kania, I., Liu, L. & Krzeminski, W. 2015. A new species of Tipulidae (Diptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning, China – evolutionary implications. Cretaceous Research 54, 98–105.Google Scholar
Sintensis, F. 1889. Uber Limnophila pilicornis Zett. Sitzungsberichte der Naturforscher Gesellschaft zu Dorpat 8, 396–8.Google Scholar
Skartveit, J. 2009. Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae from Baltic amber (Diptera: Bibionoidea). Studia Dipterologica 15, 3–42.Google Scholar
Skuse, F. A. A. 1890. Diptera of Australia, part 8. The Tipulidae longipalpi. Proceedings of the Linnaean Society of New South Wales 5, 53–139.Google Scholar
Soli, G. E. E. 1997. The systematics and phylogeny of Coelosia Winnertz, 1863 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Entomologica Scandinavica Supplement 50, 57–139.Google Scholar
Speiser, P. 1909. Orthoptera Nematocera. In Sjöstedt, Y. (ed.) Wissenschaftliche ergebnisse der Schwedischen zoologischen expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro, dem Meru und dem umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas 1905–1906, Band 2, 10. Diptera, 4. Orthorapha: 31–112 (Craneflies: 45–65). Stockholm: Tryckt hos P. Palmquists aktiebolag.Google Scholar
Speiser, P. 1913. Beitrage zur Dipterenfauna von Kamerun. I. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1913, 131–146.Google Scholar
Staeger, C. 1840. Systematisk Fortegnelse over de i Danmark hidtil funde Diptera. Tipularia Fungicolae. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift 3, 228–288.Google Scholar
Statz, G. 1943. Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott. 1. Familie: Bibionidae. Palaeontographica (A) 45, 1–66.Google Scholar
Statz, G. 1944a. Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott. II. Teil. II. Familie Fungivoridae (Pilzmücken). III. Palaeontographica (A) 95, 67–92, tables 1–7.Google Scholar
Statz, G. 1944b. Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott. II. Teil. V. Familie Culicidae (Stechmücken). III. Palaeontographica (A) 95, 108–20, tables 24, 21.Google Scholar
Statz, G. 1944c. Neue Dipteren (Nematocera) aus dem Oberoligocän von Rott. I. Teil VI. Familie: Tendipedidae (Zuck- oder Schwarmmücken). II. Teil. VII. Familie Heleidae (Gnitzen). III. Teil VIII. Familie Lycoriidae (Trauermücken). Palaeontographica (A) 95, 122–187.Google Scholar
Stephens, J. F. 1829. A systematic catalogue of British insects, being an attempt to arrange all the hitherto discovered indigenous insects in accordance with their natural affinities. containing also the references to every English writer on entomology, and on the principal foreign authors. With all the published British genera to the present time, vol. 2, 1–388. London: Baldwin and Cradock.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. 1988. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Baltic amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 58, 3–283.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. 1990. Biting midges (Insecta: Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Sakhalin amber. Prace Muzeum Ziemi 41, 77–81.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. 1993. Biting midges (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Miocene Saxonian amber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 35, 603–656.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. 1996. Biting midges from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon and Upper Cretaceous Siberian amber of Taimyr (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Studia Dipterologica 3, 23–86.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. 1998. New mosquitoes from Baltic amber (Diptera: Culicidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 67, 233–244.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Giłka, W. 2011. A new fossil mosquito, with notes on morphology and taxonomy of other species reported from Eocene Baltic amber (Diptera: Culicidae). Polish Journal of Entomology. 80, 765–777.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Grogan, W. L. 1994. Biting midges from Dominican amber. I. A new fossil species of Baeodasymyia (diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96, 219–229.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Grogan, W. L. 1996. Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Mexican amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 65, 291–295.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Grogan, W. L. 1997. Biting midges from Dominican amber. II. Species of the tribes Heteromyiini and Palpomyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 18, 254–260.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Grogan, W. L. 1998a. Biting midges from Dominican amber III. Species of the tribes Culicoidini and Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Insecta Mundi 12, 39–46.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Grogan, W. L. 1998b. Biting midges from Dominican amber. IV. Species of the tribes Dasyheleini and Forcipomyiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 67, 255–290.Google Scholar
Szadziewski, R. & Szadziewska, M. M. 1985. Culex erikae sp. n. (Diptera, Culicidae) from the Baltic amber. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 55, 513–8.Google Scholar
Theobald, N. 1937. Les insects fossils des terrains Oligocenes de France. Nancy: George Thomas.Google Scholar
Thomson, C. G. 1869. Diptera. Species nova descripsit. In Kongliga Svenska Fregatten Eugenies Resa Omkring Jorden Under Befal af C. A. Virgin, åren 1851–1853, 443–614. 2 (Zoologi) 1, Insecta. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner.Google Scholar
Vane-Wright, R. T. 1967. A re-assessment of the genera Holorusia Loew (Ctenacroscelis Enderlein), Ischnotoma Skuse and Zelandotipula Alexander (Diptera, Tipulidae), with notes on their phylogeny and zoogeography. Journal of Natural History 1, 511–549.Google Scholar
Vockeroth, J. R. 1980. New genera and species of Mycetophilidae (Diptera) from the Holarctic region, with notes on other species. Canadian Entomologist 112, 529–544.Google Scholar
Walker, F. 1856. Diptera. Part V. In Jekel, H. (ed.) Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed species in the collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c., Vol. I, 415–474. London: J. Van Voorst.Google Scholar
Walker, F. 1861. Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected in Batchian, Kaisaa and Makian, and at Tidon in Celebes, by Mr. A. R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal and Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology 5, 270–303.Google Scholar
Waller, A., Nel, A. & Menier, J.-J. 2000. Le premier Dilophus fossile de l'ambre dominicain (Diptera: Bibionidae). Revue Française d'Entomologie 22, 149–153.Google Scholar
Westwood, J. O. 1840. Order XIII. Diptera Aristotle. (Antliata Fabricius. Halteriptera Clairv.). In An introduction to the modern classification of insects; founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. synopsis of the genera of British insects, 125–154. London: Longman, Orme, Brown, Green and Longmans. 158 pp.Google Scholar
Westwood, J. O. 1881. Notae Dipterologicae. No. 5. – Descriptions of new species of exotic Tipulidae, with an annotated summary of species belonging to the same family, previously described. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 3, 363–385.Google Scholar
Wichard, W., Gröhn, C. & Seredszus, F. 2009. Aquatic Insects in Baltic amber, 1–335. Remagen: Verlag Kessel.Google Scholar
Wiedmann, C. R. W. 1828. Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werkes. Erster Theil. Hamm: Schulz.Google Scholar
Williston, S. W. 1885. On classification of North American Diptera. Entomoligica Americana 1, 114–6.Google Scholar
Winnertz, J. 1863. Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Pilzmucken. Abhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 13, 637–964.Google Scholar
Yang, C.-K. & Luo, K. 1987. Diptera: Bibionidae. Agricultural Insects Spiders Plant Diseases and Weeds of Xizang 2,115–26.Google Scholar
Yeates, D. K. & Wiegmann, B. M. 2005. Phylogeny and evolution of Diptera: recent insights and new perspectives. In Yeates, D. K. and Wiegmann, B. M. (eds) The evolutionary biology of flies, 14–44. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Zetterstedt, J. W. 1838. Sectio tertia. Diptera. Dipterologis Scandinaviae amicis et popularibus carissimus. In Insecta Lapponica, 477–868. Leipzig: Leopold Voss.Google Scholar
Zetterstedt, J. W. 1851. Diptera Scandinaviae, disposita et descripta, 10, 3711–4090. Lundae: Verfasser.Google Scholar
Zeuner, F. E. 1941. The Eocene insects of the Ardtun beds, Isle of Mull, Scotland. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 7, 82–100, 510–522.Google Scholar
Zherikhin, V. V. & Sukacheva, I. D. 1973. On the cretaceous insect-bearing “amber” (retinites) of North Siberia. In Voprosy paleontologii nasekomykh. Doklady na XXIV ezhegodnom chtenii, 1971, 3–48. Leningrad: Nauka Press [in Russian].Google Scholar
Zlobin, V. V. 2007. The cyclorrhaphous Diptera limestone of the Isle of Wight. International Journal of Dipterological Research 18, 129–136.Google Scholar