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Significance of viscous folding in the migmatites of Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex, eastern India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 July 2020

Bibhuti GOGOI Open the ORCID record for Bibhuti GOGOI [Opens in a new window] ,
Hiredya CHAUHAN ,
Gaurav HAZARIKA ,
Amiya BARUAH ,
Mukunda SAIKIA  and
Pallab Jyoti HAZARIKA
Bibhuti GOGOI*
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam781001, India
Hiredya CHAUHAN
Affiliation:
EPMA Laboratory, Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi221005, India
Gaurav HAZARIKA
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam781001, India
Amiya BARUAH
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam781001, India
Mukunda SAIKIA
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam781001, India
Pallab Jyoti HAZARIKA
Affiliation:
Department of Geology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam781001, India
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

To understand the physico-chemical processes associated with migmatisation is an interesting petrological problem. New developments in microfluidics and chaotic mixing experiments have helped us to better perceive these processes from the migmatic rocks of the Proterozoic Chotanagpur Granite Gneiss Complex (CGGC), eastern India. The migmatic rocks of CGGC have preserved folded leucocratic veins in amphibolites representing viscous folding. The viscous folding phenomenon occurred due to the interaction between leucosome and melanosome. Based on textural features and mineral chemical data interpretations, we infer that when granitic and pegmatitic magmas intruded the gneissic rocks and amphibolites of our study area, diffusion of heat and volatiles from the hotter felsic magmas to the colder country rocks initiated partial melting in the amphibolites, forming melanosomes. After their formation, the highly viscous felsic magmas veined into the melanosomes, by progressively melting them and then interacting, leading to chaotic mixing dynamics. The development of chaotic mixing allowed the leucosome to venture into the melanosome as veins by stretching and folding dynamics. As the leucocratic veins or leucosome traversed through the partially molten rock or melanosome due to advection, the veins underwent viscous folding owing to the exertion of compressional stress brought about by the viscosity difference between the two mediums. The occurrence of viscous folding exponentially increased the contact area between the leucosome and the melanosome, eventually leading to enhanced diffusion and augmented mixing between the two mediums. Evidence of mixing through elemental diffusion is well documented by the compositions of amphibole and biotite occurring in the leucosome and melanosome. These minerals show substitution of magnesium and ferrous ion that show linear variation between the endmember compositions.

Keywords

chaotic mixingelemental diffusionMg-Fe2+ substitutionmicrofluidicsstretching and folding dynamics
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 111 , Issue 2 , June 2020 , pp. 119 - 134
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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