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Multi-chronometer dating of the Souter Head complex: rapid exhumation terminates the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 July 2020

Darren F. MARK Open the ORCID record for Darren F. MARK [Opens in a new window] ,
Clive M. RICE ,
Malcolm HOLE  and
Dan CONDON
Darren F. MARK*
Affiliation:
Isotope Geoscience Unit, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, Scotland, G75 0QF, UK Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, UK
Clive M. RICE
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
Malcolm HOLE
Affiliation:
Department of Geology & Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
Dan CONDON
Affiliation:
NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, UK
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

The Souter Head sub-volcanic complex (Aberdeenshire, Scotland) intruded the high-grade metamorphic core of the Grampian Orogen at 469.1 ± 0.6 Ma (uranium-238–lead-206 (238U–206Pb) zircon). It follows closely peak metamorphism and deformation in the Grampian Terrane and tightly constrains the end of the Grampian Event of the Caledonian Orogeny. Temporally coincident U–Pb and argon/argon (40Ar/39Ar) data show the complex cooled quickly with temperatures decreasing from ca.800 °C to less than 200 °C within 1 Ma. Younger rhenium–osmium (Re–Os) ages are due to post-emplacement alteration of molybdenite to powellite. The U–Pb and Ar/Ar data combined with existing geochronological data show that D2/D3 deformation, peak metamorphism (Barrovian and Buchan style) and basic magmatism in NE Scotland were synchronous at ca.470 Ma and are associated with rapid uplift (5–10 km Ma−1) of the orogen, which, by ca.469 Ma, had removed the cover to the metamorphic pile. Rapid uplift resulted in decompressional melting and the generation of mafic and felsic magmatism. Shallow slab break-off (50–100 km) is invoked to explain the synchroneity of these events. This interpretation implies that peak metamorphism and D2/D3 ductile deformation were associated with extension. Similarities in the nature and timing of orogenic events in Connemara, western Ireland, with NE Scotland suggest that shallow slab break-off occurred in both localities.

Keywords

40Ar/39ArgraniteIrelandRe–OsScotlandU–Pb
Type
Articles
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Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 111 , Issue 2 , June 2020 , pp. 95 - 108
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Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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