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The Spindle-Wheel: A Chou Chinese Invention
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 26 March 2015
Abstract
The early Chinese spindle-wheel was originally invented in conjunction with silk-technology and was linked to silk production, as pictured in some Han stone reliefs. It is concluded that the spindle-wheel is a Chinese Invention which may be dated to the early years of the Warring States period. In the course of time people realized the advantages of the spindle-wheel and it was adopted for plant fiber production.
The spindle-wheel may have been brought to Europe at the same time as silk-technology was introduced, most probably in the second half of the first millenium A.D. Only when the continuously working spinning-wheel with flyer was invented in fifteenth century Europe did a better and more efficient spinning device become available.
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References
FOOTNOTES
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56. T'ien-kung k'ai-wu, shang ch., p. 33b.
57. The stone relief depicted in fig. 3 was found in Chi-ling, Shantung. It is now in the Tokyo School of Engineering and pictured in Sekino, Tadashi, “Sepulchral Remains of the Han Dynasty in the Province of Shantung, China,” Journal of the College of Engineering 8 (1916): 1Google Scholar; Sung Po-yin, op. cit., p. 23, fig, 4; Finsterbusch, op. cit., Taf. 107, no. 370; Satō, op. cit., pl.3.
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60. Shuo-wen chieh-tzu, 13 shang:2.
61. T'ien-kung k'ai-wu, shang ch., p. 31a.
62. T'ien-kung k'ai-wu, shang ch., p. 31a.
63. Shuo-wen chieh-tzu, 13 shang:2.
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68. T'ien-kung k'ai-wu, shang ch., p. 31b.
69. Ibid.
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71. H. B. Burnham, “La preparation des fils …,” op. cit., p. 56.
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73. One picture is to be seen on the left side of fig. 2; I have not redrawn the other picture. It is on a stone relief of poor quality from P'ei hsien, Kiangsu, pictured in Sung Po-yin, op. cit., p. 24, fig. 6; Finsterbusch, op. cit., Taf. 148, no. 550a.
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75. See footnote 58.
76. Fig. 4 is from Ssu-hung hsien in Kiangsu. “Ssu-hung hsien Ts'ao-chuang fa-hsien i-p'i Han-hua hsiang-shih” (A Han period stone relief discovered in Ts'ao-chuang commune in Ssu-hung hsien, Kiangsu), WW 1975. 3:76Google Scholar.
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79. Pin-feng kuang-i, 1:13b, 3:2–3bGoogle Scholar.
80. See footnote 77.
81. Pin-feng kuang-i, 3:2–3bGoogle Scholar.
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