Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:47:28.909Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

NATIVE PEOPLE AND VIOLENT CRIME

Gendered Violence and Tribal Jurisdiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 May 2018

Sarah Deer
Sarah Deer*
Affiliation:
Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, School of Public Affairs and Administration and School of Law, University of Kansas
*
*Corresponding author: Professor Sarah Deer, Department of Women, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, University of Kansas, 1541 Lilac Lane, Lawrence KS 66045. E-mail: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Exciting changes are happening in criminal jurisdiction in Indian country at the national level. Due in large part to activism on the part of Native women, Congress has attempted to improve criminal justice on tribal lands. The reforms do not go far enough, however, and many of the recent legal changes have not yet been challenged in the federal courts. This article will preview many of the legal issues likely to ignite a firestorm of litigation and lobbying around issues of crime in Indian country. This article will also wrestle with the difficult question of whether tribal nations should adopt or sustain the typical carceral law and order model used by Anglo-American governments. In an effort to take advantage of the changes in federal law, tribal nations are explicitly required to comply with certain Anglo-American norms. The risks and rewards of such adherence will also be explored.

Keywords

Tribal GovernmentsCrimeLaw ReformViolence Against Women ActTribal Law and Order Act
Type
Policies, Politics, and the Plight of Race and Ethnic Groups
Information
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race , Volume 15 , Issue 1 , Spring 2018 , pp. 89 - 106
Copyright
Copyright © Hutchins Center for African and African American Research 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agtuca, Jacqueline (2014). Safety for Native Women: VAWA and American Indian Tribes. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.Google Scholar
Alcántara, Carmela, and Gone, Joseph P. (2007). Reviewing Suicide in Native American Communities: Situating Risk and Protective Factors within a Transactional-Ecological Framework. Death Studies, 31(5): 457–477.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amnesty International (2007). Maze of Injustice: The Failure to Protect Indigenous women from Sexual Violence in the USA. New York: Amnesty International USA.Google Scholar
Arnold, Gregory S. (2014). Tribal Law and Order Act and Violence Against Women Act: Enhanced Recognition of Inherent Tribal Sovereignty Creates Greater Need for Criminal Defense Counsel in Indian Country. Federal Lawyer, 61: 4–6.Google Scholar
Bachman, Ronet, Zaykowski, Heather, Lanier, Christina, Poteyeva, Margarita, and Kallmyer, Rachel (2010). Estimating the Magnitude of Rape and Sexual Assault against American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) Women. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology, 43(2): 199–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bassett, Deborah, Buchwald, Dedra, and Manson, Spero (2014). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Symptoms among American Indians and Alaska Natives: A Review of the Literature. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(3): 417–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, Michele C., Basile, Kathleen C., Breiding, Matthew J., Smith, Sharon G., Walters, Mikel L., Merrick, Melissa T., Chen, Jieru, and Stevens, Mark R. (2010). National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey 2010 Summary Report. <http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs_executive_summary-a.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics (1999). American Indians and Crime (NCJ 173386). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. <https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/aic.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).+(accessed+August+9,+2017).>Google Scholar
Bureau of Justice Statistics (2004). American Indians and Crime (NCJ 203097). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. <https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/aic02.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).+(accessed+August+9,+2017).>Google Scholar
Burns, Rebecca (2013) VAWA: A Victory for Women—But Which Women? In These Times, February 28. <http://inthesetimes.com/article/14668/vawa_a_victory_for_womenbut_which_women> (accessed August 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Burton, Alison (2016). What about the Children? Extending Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction to Crimes Against Children. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 52: 193–226.Google Scholar
Casselman, Amy L. (2016). Injustice in Indian Country: Jurisdiction, American Law, and Sexual Violence Against Native Women. New York: Peter Land Publishing.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization—National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Cushner, Quintin, and Sands, Jon M. (2010). Tribal Law and Order Act of 2010: A Primer, with Reservations. The Champion Magazine, 34: 38–41.Google Scholar
Deer, Sarah (2015). The Beginning and End of Rape: Confronting Sexual Violence in Native America. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Devreskracht, Ryan (2013). House Republicans Add Insult To Native Women’s Injury. University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review, 3(1): 1–29.Google Scholar
Dollar General Corp. v. Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (2015), 579 U.S. ___ .Google Scholar
Droske, Timothy J. (2008). Correcting Native American Sentencing Disparity Post-Booker. Marquette Law Review, 91(3): 723–813.Google Scholar
Earle, Kathleen A. (2000). Child Abuse and Neglect: An Examination of American Indian Data. National Indian Child Welfare Center.Google Scholar
Echo-Hawk, Walter (1995). Native Worship in American Prisons. Cultural Survival Quarterly, December. <https://www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/native-worship-american-prisons> (accessed September 21, 2017).Google Scholar
Ex parte KAN-GI-SHUN-CA, (1883) 109 U.S. 556Google Scholar
Flay, Rory (2017). A Silent Epidemic: Revisiting the 2013 Reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act to Better Protect American Indian Native Women. American Indian Law Journal, 5(1): 230–262.Google Scholar
Fortin, Seth (2013). The Two-Tiered Program of the Tribal Law and Order Act. UCLA Law Review Discourse, 61: 88. <http://www.uclalawreview.org/pdf/discourse/61–7.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Franklin, Travis W. (2013). Sentencing Native Americans in US Federal Courts: An Examination of Disparity. Justice Quarterly, 30(2): 310–339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frosch, Dan (2015). Federal Panel Reviewing Native American Sentencing. Wall Street Journal, April 21. <http://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-panel-reviewing-native-american-sentencing-1429608601> (accessed August 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Goldberg-Ambrose, Carole (1997). Planting Tail Feathers: Tribal Sovereignty and Public Law 280. Los Angeles, CA: American Indian Studies Center.Google Scholar
Harring, Sidney L. (1994). Crow Dog’s Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and the United States in the Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermes, Ed (2013). Law and Order Tribal Edition: How the Tribal Law and Order Act Has Failed to Increase Tribal Court Sentencing Authority. Arizona State Law Journal, 45: 675–701.Google Scholar
Horse, Billy Evans, and Lassiter, Luke E. (1997). A Tribal Chair’s Perspective on Inherent Sovereignty. St. Thomas Law Review, 10: 79–86.Google Scholar
Keyes, Scott (2013). Top GOP Senator: Native American Juries Are Incapable Of Trying White People Fairly. ThinkProgress, February 21. <https://thinkprogress.org/top-gop-senator-native-american-juries-are-incapable-of-trying-white-people-fairly-c399c20454cd/> (accessed August 9, 2017).Google Scholar
Kornmann, Charles B. (2000). Injustices: Applying the Sentencing Guidelines and Other Federal Mandates in Indian Country. Federal Sentencing Reporter, 13(2): 71–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koss, Mary P., Yuan, Nicole P., Dightman, Douglas, Prince, Ronald J., Polacca, Mona, Sanderson, Byron, and Goldman, David (2003). Adverse Childhood Exposures and Alcohol Dependence among Seven Native American Tribes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25(3): 238–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krakoff, Sarah (2011). Mark the Plumber v. Tribal Empire, or non-Indian Anxiety v. Tribal Sovereignty? The Story of Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe. In Goldberg, Carole, Washburn, Kevin K., and Frickey, Philip (Eds.), Indian Law Stories, pp. 261–296. New York: Foundation Press.Google Scholar
Kronk, Elizabeth Ann (2012). Tightening the Perceived ‘Loophole’: Reexamining ICRA’s Limitation on Tribal Court Punishment Authority. In Carpenter, Kristen, Fletcher, Matthew L. M., and Riley, Angela R. (Eds.), The Indian Civil Rights at Forty, pp. 211–245. Los Angeles: American Indian Studies Center.Google Scholar
Leonhard, M. Brent (2012). Closing a Gap in Indian Country Justice: Oliphant, Lara, and DOJ’s Proposed Fix. Harvard Journal of Racial and Ethnic Justice, 28: 117–171.Google Scholar
Minno, Liza Drake (2011). Whose “Shared Humanity”? The Tribal Law and Order Act (2010), Barack Obama, and the Politics of Multiculturalism in Settler Colonial States. MA Thesis, Department of American Studies, University of New Mexico.Google Scholar
Miranda, Deborah A. (2010). “Saying the Padre Had Grabbed Her”: Rape is the Weapon, Story is the Cure. Intertexts, 14(2): 93–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mullen, Mary K. (2017). The Violence Against Women Act: A Double-Edged Sword for Native Americans, Their Rights, and Their Hopes of Regaining Cultural Independence. Saint Louis University Law Journal, 61: 811–834.Google Scholar
National Congress of American Indians (2015). Special Domestic Violence Criminal Jurisdiction Pilot Project Report, October 25. <http://www.ncai.org/attachments/NewsArticle_VutTUSYSfGPRpZQRYzWcuLekuVNeeTAOBBwGyvkWYwPRUJOioqI_SDVCJ Pilot Project Report_6–7–16_Final.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).+(accessed+August+9,+2017).>Google Scholar
Oetzel, John, and Duran, Bonnie (2004). Intimate Partner Violence in American Indian and/or Alaska Native Communities: A Social Ecological Framework of Determinants and Interventions. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 11(3): 49–69.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe (1978), 435 U.S. 191.Google Scholar
Owens, Jasmine (2012). ‘Historic’ in a Bad Way: How the Tribal Law and Order Act Continues the American Tradition of Providing Inadequate Protection to American Indian and Alaska Native Rape Victims. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 102(2): 497–524.Google Scholar
Perry, Barbara (2002). From Ethnocide to Ethnoviolence: Layers of Native American Victimization. Contemporary Justice Review, 5(3): 231–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, Robert Odawi (2007). American Indians and the New Termination Era. Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, 16(3): 473–494.Google Scholar
Rifkin, Mark (2017). Around 1978: Family, Culture, and Race in the Federal Production of Indianness. In Barker, Joanne (Ed.), Critically Sovereign: Indigenous Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies, pp. 169–206. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, Angela R. (2016). Crime and Governance in Indian Country. UCLA Law Review, 63: 1564–1637.Google Scholar
Robertson, Kimberly (2012). Un-Settling Questions: The Construction of Indigeneity and Violence Against Native Women. PhD Dissertation, Women’s Studies, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Rolnick, Addie C. (2016). Tribal Criminal Jurisdiction Beyond Citizenship and Blood. American Indian Law Review, 39(2): 337–449.Google Scholar
Rosay, Andre B. (2016). Violence Against American Indian and Alaska Native Women and Men. National Institute of Justice. <https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/249736.pdf> (accessed August 9, 2017).+(accessed+August+9,+2017).>Google Scholar
Ross, Luana (1998). Inventing the Savage: The Social Construction of Native Criminality. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Sapra, Katherine J., Jubinski, Sarah M., Tanaka, Mina F., and Gershon, Robyn RM (2014). Family and Partner Interpersonal Violence among American Indians/Alaska Natives. Injury Epidemiology, 1(7): 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
United States Census Bureau (2012). Hispanic Origin and Race of Wife and Husband in Married-Couple Households for the United States: 2010. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
United States Commission on Human Rights (2003). A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. <http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/na0703/na0204.pdf> (accessed August 13, 2017).+(accessed+August+13,+2017).>Google Scholar
Washburn, Kevin (2005). Federal Criminal Law and Tribal Self-Determination. North Carolina Law Review, 84(3): 779–855.Google Scholar
Washburn, Kevin (2017). What the Future Holds: The Changing Landscape of Federal Indian Policy. Harvard Law Review Forum, 130: 200–232.Google Scholar