Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T05:22:21.257Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

STUDYING THE BOTTOM OF AMERICAN SOCIETY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 July 2014

Herbert J. Gans*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, Columbia University
*
*Corresponding author : Herbert J. Gans, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, Knox Hall, 606 W. 122nd St. MC9849. New York, NY. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Gunnar Myrdal’s 1963 notion of the bottom of society is now over fifty years old and we still know virtually nothing about of the people living at that bottom or the people living there on incomes far below the federal poverty line. Since Blacks are, as always, proportionally the prime victims, the dreadful possibility of a Black population permanently at the bottom of society cannot be ruled out. This article discusses some of the questions researchers must answer to obtain an informed understanding of their problems and needs, as well as of the policies and politics, if any, that could help them.

Type
State of the Discipline
Copyright
Copyright © Hutchins Center for African and African American Research 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Black, Timothy (2009). When A Heart Turns Rock Solid: The Lives of Three Brothers On and Off the Streets. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Bobo, Lawrence D. and Smith, Ryan A. (1998). From Jim Crow Racism to Laissez Faire Racism: The Transformation of Racial Attitudes in America. In Katkin, Wendy, Landsman, Ned, and Tyree, Andrea (Eds.), Essays on the Conception of Groups and Group Identities in America, pp. 182220. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Feagin, Joe R. and Sikes, Melvin P (1994). Living With Racism: The Black Middle Class Experience. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Gans, Herbert J. (1962). The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.Google Scholar
Gans, Herbert J. (2010). Concentrated Poverty: A Critical Analysis. Challenge, 53(4): 8296.Google Scholar
Gans, Herbert J. (2011). The Challenge of Multigenerational Poverty. Challenge, 54(1): 7180.Google Scholar
Goffman, Alice (2014). On the Run: Fugitive Life in an American City. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Katz, Michael B. (2013). The Undeserving Poor: America’s Enduring Confrontation with Poverty. New York: Oxford University Press. Second Edition.Google Scholar
Lewis, Oscar (1968). The Culture of Poverty. In Moynihan, Daniel P. (Ed.), On Understanding Poverty: Perspectives from the Social Sciences, pp. 187200. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Myrdal, Gunnar (1963). Challenge to Affluence. New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
National Center for Law and Economic Justice (2012). Poverty in the United States: A Snapshot. New York: National Center for Law and Economic Justice.Google Scholar
O’Connor, Alice (2001). Poverty Knowledge: Social Science, Social Policy and the Poor in Twentieth Century U.S. History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Papachristos, Andrew V. (2007). Murder by Structure: A Network Theory of Gang Homicide. PhD Dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Chicago.Google Scholar
Rios, Victor M. (2011). Punished: Policing the Lives of Black and Latino Boys. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Rodman, Hyman (1963). The Lower-Class Value Stretch, Social Forces, 42(2): 205215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez-Jankowski, Martin (2008). Cracks in the Pavement: Social Change and Resilience in Poor Neighborhoods. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Shaefer, H. Luke and Edin, Kathryn (2013). Rising Extreme Poverty in the United States and the Response of Federal Means-Tested Transfer Programs. Social Service Review, 87(2): 250268.Google Scholar
Sharkey, Patrick (2012). Stuck in Place: Urban Neighborhoods and the End of Progress Toward Racial Equality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Shierholz, Heidi and Gould, Elise (2012). Already More than A Lost Decade: Poverty and Income Trends Continue to Paint a Bleak Picture. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Swidler, Ann (1986). Culture in Action: Symbols and Strategies. American Sociological Review, 51(2): 273285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatesh, Sudhir A. (2000). American Project: The Rise and Fall of a Modern Ghetto. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venkatesh, Sudhir A. (2006). Off the Books: The Underground Economy of the Urban Poor. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wacquant, Loic (2009). Punishing the Poor: The Neoliberal Government of Social Insecurity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, Richard G. and Pickett, Kate (2009). The Spirit Level: Why Greater Equality Makes Societies Stronger. New York: Bloomsbury Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, William J. (1987) The Truly Disadvantaged: The Inner City, the Underclass and Public Policy. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar