Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T11:22:41.817Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Enhancing Community Disaster Resilience Through Mass Sporting Events

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2013

Abstract

Disaster response requires rapid, complex action by multiple agencies that may rarely interact during nondisaster periods. Failures in communication and coordination between agencies have been pitfalls in the advancement of disaster preparedness. Recommendations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency address these needs and demonstrate commitment to successful disaster management, but they are challenging for communities to ensure. In this article we describe the application of Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines to the 2008 and 2009 Chicago Marathon and discuss the details of our implementation strategy with a focus on optimizing communication. We believe that it is possible to enhance community disaster preparedness through practical application during mass sporting events.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:310–315)

Type
Concepts in Disaster Medicine
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Smith, W, Dowell, J.A case study of co-ordinative decision-making in disaster management. Ergonomics. 2000;43 (8):11531166.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Mattox, K.The World Trade Center attack. Disaster preparedness: health care is ready, but is the bureaucracy? Crit Care. 2001;5 (6):323325.Google Scholar
3.Goldstein, SN.“Something blew up”. Disaster response is doomed without interagency coordination and effective communications. Emerg Med Serv. 1993;22 (8):86 81-84.Google ScholarPubMed
4.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Against the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. http://www.9-11commission.gov/report/index.htm. Published 2004. Accessed June 15, 2011.Google Scholar
5.Burkle, FM Jr, Hsu, EB, Loehr, M.Definition and functions of health unified command and emergency operations centers for large-scale bioevent disasters within the existing ICS. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2007;1 (2):135141.Google Scholar
6.Kahn, LH, Barondess, JA.Preparing for disaster: response matrices in the USA and UK. J Urban Health. 2008;85 (6):910922.Google Scholar
7.Peach, JDDisaster management: recent disasters demonstrate the need to improve the nation's response strategy.GAO/T-RCED-93-46. http://archive.gao.gov/d43t14/149256.pdf. Published May 25, 1993. Accessed June 15, 2011.Google Scholar
8.Federal Emergency Management Agency. NIMS and the incident command system. http://www.fema.gov/txt/emergency/nims/nims_ics_position_paper.txt. Published November 23, 2004. Accessed June 15, 2011.Google Scholar
9.New York City Office of Emergency Management. About OEM: emergency response. http://www.nyc.gov/html/oem/html/about/emergency.shtml. Accessed June 15, 2011.Google Scholar
10.Crouse, B, Beattie, K.Marathon medical services: strategies to reduce runner morbidity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28 (9):10931096.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Department of Homeland Security. National Incident Management System. http://www.nrt.org/Production/NRT/NRTWeb.nsf/AllAttachmentsByTitle/SA-385aNIMS-90-web/$File/NIMS-90-web.pdf?OpenElement. Published March 1, 2004. Accessed June 15, 2011.Google Scholar
12.Cannon-Bowers, JA, Salas, EShared mental models in expert team decision making.In: Castellan NJJ, ed. Individual and Group Decision Making. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1993:221-246.Google Scholar
13.Stout, RJ, Cannon-Bowers, JA, Salas, E, Milanovich, DM.Planning, shared mental models, and coordinated performance: an empirical link is established. Hum Factors. 1999;41:1.Google Scholar
14.Bank of America. Chicago Marathon Offical Program.Wilmington, DE: Bank of America Corp; 2008.Google Scholar
15.Armstrong, LE, Casa, DJ, Millard-Stafford, M, Moran, DS, Pyne, SW, Roberts, WOAmerican College of Sports Medicine. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exertional heat illness during training and competition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39 (3):556572.Google Scholar