Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T04:38:40.010Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ebola Virus Disease: Preparedness in Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 November 2014

Yugo Ashino ,
Haorile Chagan-Yasutan ,
Shinichi Egawa  and
Toshio Hattori
Yugo Ashino*
Affiliation:
Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Haorile Chagan-Yasutan
Affiliation:
Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
Shinichi Egawa
Affiliation:
Division of International Cooperation for Disaster Medicine, IRIDeS, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Toshio Hattori
Affiliation:
Division of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
*
Correspondence and reprint requests to Yugo Ashino, Laboratory of Disaster-Related Infectious Disease, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The current outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD) is due to a lack of resources, untrained medical personnel, and the specific contact-mediated type of infection of this virus. In Japan’s history, education and mass vaccination of the native Ainu people successfully eradicated epidemics of smallpox. Even though a zoonotic virus is hard to control, appropriate precautions and personal protection, as well as anti-symptomatic treatment, will control the outbreak of EVD. Ebola virus utilizes the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection to seed the cells of various organs. The pathogenesis of EVD is due to the cytokine storm of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the lack of antiviral interferon-α2. Matricellular proteins of galectin-9 and osteopontin might also be involved in the edema and abnormality of the coagulation system in EVD. Anti-fibrinolytic treatment will be effective. In the era of globalization, interviews of travelers with fever within 3 weeks of departure from the affected areas will be necessary. Not only the hospitals designated for specific biohazards but every hospital should be aware of the biology of biohazards and establish measures to protect both patients and the community. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-5)

Keywords

zoonosesdisaster medicineinfectious disease medicineEbolainfection control
Type
Brief Reports
Information
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , Volume 9 , Issue 1 , February 2015 , pp. 74 - 78
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Matsuki, A. A brief history of Jennerian vaccination in Japan. Med Hist. 1970;14:199-201.Google Scholar
2.Takashita, T. The historical review of endemic diseases in recent Ezo. In: Research Group, Sapporo Medical History, eds. Medical Treatment in Ezo Hokkaido Syuppann Kikaku Center; 1988:76-109 (in Japanese).Google Scholar
3.Ogata, S, Sen, A. Human Security Now. New York, NY: Commission on Human Security; 2003. http://www.unocha.org/humansecurity/chs/finalreport/. Accessed November 3, 2014.Google Scholar
4.Hedstrom, SA. Did the eradication for smallpox open the door for HIV? Lakartidningen. 2003;100:1368.Google Scholar
5.Ishida, T, Yamamoto, K, Omoto, K, et al. Prevalence of a human retrovirus in native Japanese: evidence for a possible ancient origin. J Infect. 1985;11:153-157.Google Scholar
6.Bray, M. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of Ebola and Marburg virus disease. In: Hirsch MS, Mitty J, eds. UpToDate Web site. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-pathogenesis-and-clinical-manifestations-of-ebola-and-marburg-virus-disease. Accessed October 25, 2014.Google Scholar
7.Takada, A, Feldmann, H, Ksiazek, TG, Kawaoka, Y. Antibody-dependent enhancement of Ebola virus infection. J Virol. 2003;77(13):7539-7544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Wauquier, N, Becquart, P, Padilla, C, et al. Human fatal Zaire Ebola virus infection is associated with an aberrant innate immunity and with massive lymphocyte apoptosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;4(10):e837.Google Scholar
9.Gupta, M, MacNeil, A, Reed, ZD, et al. Serology and cytokine profiles in patients infected with the newly discovered Bundibugyo Ebola virus. Virology. 2012;423:119-124.Google Scholar
10.Chagan-Yasutan, H, Ndhlovu, LC, Lacuesta, TL, et al. Galectin-9 plasma levels reflect adverse hematological and immunological features in acute dengue virus infection. J Clin Virol. 2013;58:635-640.Google Scholar
11.Saitoh, H, Ashino, Y, Chagan-Yasutan, H, et al. Rapid decrease of plasma galectin-9 levels in patients with acute HIV infection after therapy. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2012;228:157-161.Google Scholar
12.Chagan-Yasutan, H, Lacuesta, TL, Ndhlovu, LC, et al. Elevated levels of full-length and thrombin-cleaved osteopontin during acute dengue virus infection are associated with coagulation abnormalities. Thromb Res. 2014;134:449-454.Google Scholar
13. Guide to infection prevention for outpatient settings: minimum expectations for safe care. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site. http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/settings/outpatient/outpatient-care-guidelines.html. Accessed November 3, 2014.Google Scholar
14.Ito, T, Maruyama, I. Thrombomodulin; protectorate God of the vasculature in thrombosis and inflammation. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9(suppl 1):168-173.Google Scholar
15.Moll, S, Lindley, C, Pescatore, S, et al. Phase I study of a novel recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin, ART-123. J Thromb Haemost. 2004;2(10):1745-1751.Google Scholar
16. Questions and answers on experimental treatments and vaccines for Ebola. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site. http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/outbreaks/2014-west-africa/qa-experimental-treatments.html. Accessed November 3, 2014.Google Scholar