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The Struggle for a Second Independence

Sociopolitical Construction of Space in Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2024

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The twentieth century in Africa, more than elsewhere in the world, has been an era of startling and unprecedented changes. These changes have been most dramatic with respect to the sociopolitical organization of the continent. While at the beginning of the century, most of Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, had hardly emerged from prefeudal or feudal social formations, the advent of European colonialists, whose avarice for conquest and colonial territories was fueled by the blossoming technological capabilities of the Industrial Revolution and the expansionist market demand of a new and burgeoning capitalist economy in Europe, transformed the face of Africa forever.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

References

Notes

1. Henri Lefebvre, "Réflexions sur la politique de l'espace," Espaces et Sociétiés 1 (1970): 3-12; for an English translation see Michael J. Enders, Antipode: A Radical Journal of Geography 8, 2 (May 1976): 30-37.

2. Joseph E. Inikori, The Chaining of a Continent: Export Demand for Captives and the History of Africa South of the Sahara, 1450-1870 (Mona, Jamaica, 1992).

3. Thomas Pakenham, The Scramble for Africa, 1876-1912 (New York, 1991).

4. Lewis H. Gann and Peter Duignan (eds.), Colonialism in Africa, 1870-1960, vol. 1 (London, 1969).

5. Prosser Gifford and William R. Louis, Decolonization and African Independence: The Transfer of Power, 1960-1980 (New Haven, Connecticut, 1988).

6. Michael Wolfers, Politics in the Organization of African Unity (London, 1976).

7. Ruth Collier, Regimes in Tropical Africa (Berkeley, California, 1982).

8. Ralph A. Austen, African Economic History: Internal Development and External Dependency (London, 1987).

9. Philip Ndegwa, Africa's Development Crisis (Nairobi, 1985).

10. James S. Coleman and Carl G. Rosberg (eds.), Political Parties and National Inte gration in Tropical Africa (Berkeley, California, 1966).

11. Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, The Precarious Balance: State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colorado, 1988).

12. David Sahn (ed.), Adjusting to Policy Failures in African Economies (Ithaca, New York, 1994).

13. Dele Olowu, "The Failure of Current Decentralization Programs in Africa," in J.S. Wunsch and D. Olowu (eds.), The Failure of the Centralized State: Institutions and Self-Governance in Africa (Boulder, Colorado, 1990), pp. 74-99.

14. G. Shabbir Cheema and D.A. Rondinelli, Decentralization and Development (Beverly Hills, 1983).

15. A.K. Gitonga, "The Meaning and Foundations of Democracy," in W.O. Oyugi and A.K. Gitonga (eds.), Democratic Theory and Practice in Africa (Nairobi, 1987), pp.4-23.

16. United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report 1997 (New York), p. 2.