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The Social Organization of Indian Civilization

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Milton Singer

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The unity and continuity of Indian civilization is both a commonplace and a problem. It is usually taken for granted as a truth too evident to require proof. Yet when scholars begin to inquire into the exact nature of this unity and continuity and into the ways in which it is attained, they quickly encounter many unanswered questions. In a recent paper on “The Content of Cultural Continuity in India,” the American indologist Professor W. Norman Brown concludes that, while there has been a highly developed civilization on the Indian subcontinent since the third millennium в. с. with many elements of cultural continuity, it remains a problem to say what has given this Indian civilization its distinctive character and vitality. He himself does not believe that this question will be answered by making a catalogue of the hundreds of cultural traits (such as the use of the swastika, the sacredness of the pipal tree and of the cow, the joint family and the caste system, ascetism, the doctrines of karma and rebirth and of ahinsā) which persist across large spans of Indian civilization. Even if the historical and ethnic origins of these traits could be traced, this knowledge would not be sufficient, he thinks, to discover the vitalizing principle of Indian civilization. That principle, he suggests, lies in the field of values and attitudes and not in the material productions of arts, literature, and the sciences, or in particular skills, customs, institutions, or forms of thought. He analyzes, as one example of such a basic value, the notion of duty and the stress on correct action.

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 12 , Issue 45 , March 1964 , pp. 84 - 119
Copyright
Copyright © 1964 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

References

References

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Marriott, M. “ Changing Channels of Cultural Transmission in Indian Civilization,” in Ray, V. F. (ed.), Intermediate Societies, University of Washington Press, 1959.Google Scholar
Obeyesekere, G., “The Great Tradition and the Little in the Perspective of Sinhalese Buddhism,” Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. XXII, No. 2, February, 1963.Google Scholar
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Raghavan, V., “Variety and Integration in the Pattern of Indian Culture,” Far Eastern Quarterly, Vol. 15, 1956, No. 4, pp. 497–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singer, M., “Text and Context in the Study of Contemporary Hinduism,” Adyar Library Bulletin, Vol. XXV, Parts 1-4, 1961.Google Scholar
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Singer, M. “The Culture Pattern of Indian Civilization,” Far Eastern Quarterly, 1955.Google Scholar
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Sinha, S. “Changes in the Cycle of Festivals in a Bhumij Village,” Journal of Social Research, Ranchi, September 1958.Google Scholar
Sinha, S. “The Media and Nature of Hindu-Bhumij Interaction,” Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal: Letters and Sciences, Vol. 23, No. 1, 1957, pp. 23–37.Google Scholar
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Vidyarthi, L. P., ed., “Aspects of Religion in Indian Society,” Journal of Social Research, Vol. IV, No. 1–2, March-September 1961.Google Scholar
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Bailey, F.G., “Closed Social Stratification in India,” European Journal of Sociology, Vol. IV, 1963.Google Scholar
Bose, Nirmal Knmar, “The Hindu Method of Tribal Absorption,” Cultural Anthropology and other Essays, Calcutta, 1953, pp. 156–70.Google Scholar
Cohn, B.S., “The Changing Status of a Depressed Caste,” Village India, University of Chicago Press, 1955.Google Scholar
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Cohn, S.S. and Marriott, M., “Networks and Centers in the Integration of Indian Civilization,” Journal of Social Research, Vol. 1, 1958, Ranchi.Google Scholar
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“A. M. Hocart on Caste-Religion and Power,” Contributions to Indian Sociology, No. II, April 1958, Mouton and Co., Paris.Google Scholar
Karve, I., Hindu Society an Interpretation, Deccan College, Poona, 1961.Google Scholar
Karve, D.D., Selected and translated by, with the editorial assistance of Ellen E. McDonald. The New Brahmins-Five Maharashtrian Families. Berkeley and Los Angeles, SAGE Publications, 1963.Google Scholar
Leach, E. R., ed., Aspects of Caste in South India, Ceylon. North West Pakistan, Cambridge, 1960.Google Scholar
Lambert, R.D., “Factory Workers and the Non-factory Population in Poona,” Journal of Asian Societies, 18 (1959).Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, D.G., “Social Perception and Scriptural Theory in Indian Caste,” Culture in History, Essays in Honor of Paul Radin, 1960, University of Columbia Press.Google Scholar
Marriott, M., “Interactional and Attributional Theories of Caste Ranking,” Man in India, Vol. 39, No. 2, (June 1959), pp. 92–107.Google Scholar
Mayer, A.C., “Some Hierarchical Aspects of Caste,” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 12, (1956).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Malley, L. S. S., ed., Modern India and the West, a Study of the Interaction of their Civilizations, London, Oxford University Press, 1941.Google Scholar
Pocock, D., “The Movement of Castes,” Man, Vol. LV, 1955, The Royal Anthropological Institute, London.Google Scholar
Pocock, D. “Inclusion and Exclusion: A Process in the Caste System of Gujerat,” Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 19–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinha, S., “State Formation and Rajput Myth in Tribal Central India,” Man in India, Vol. 42, No. 1, January-March 1962.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M.N., Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India, London, Oxford University Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Srinivas, M.N. Caste in Modern India and other Essays, Bombay, Asia Publishing House, 1962.Google Scholar
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