Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T02:01:04.674Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Rumour Theory and Problem Theory

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Michel-Louis Rouquette*
Affiliation:
Université Paris Descartes
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

To associate the theory of rumour with the theory of problems may seem incongruous. And yet a rumour may easily be perceived as a solution, one that is quite circumstantial and wholly marked by mental improvisation, to a problem of collective relevance: to explain, for example, why one is right to be worried, to account for whatever reason one might have for showing hostility to an innovation, to show what face we should put on our uncertainties, to argue the distance which separates us from others unlike us and to prove, by this example, how hateful are our oppressors and those who exploit us. But there is more. Explicitly or otherwise, rumour ends up generating practical advice, an injunction to action or to refrain from action (‘don't do this’, ‘don't go there’, ‘don't eat that’, ‘watch out’, ‘check up on that …) which also links it to a concrete solution. Which goes to suggest that, antecedent to the rumour, there existed a need to know or to know how.

Such a way of looking at things permits an advance in parsimony, since there must exist fewer originating ‘problems’ than attested ‘solutions’. On the other hand, this point of view installs rumour in the function of a revelation or symptom of a social state which encompasses it. Finally, this perspective reconnects the production and development of rumours to the set of cognitive mechanisms of the computational type. One rediscovers therein the continuity of processes of social thought, and rumours cease to be confined to their status of monstrous singularities.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © ICPHS 2007

References

Brauer, M., Judd, C. M. and Gliner, M. D. (1995) ‘The Effects of Repeated Expressions on Attitude Polarization during Group Discussions’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68(6): 10141029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campion-Vincent, V. (2002) ‘Organ Theft Narratives as Medical and Social Critique’, Journal of Folklore Research 39(1): 3350.Google Scholar
Campion-Vincent, V. (2005) La société parano. Théories du complot, menaces et incertitudes [The Paranoid Society: Conspiracy Theories, Threats and Uncertainties]. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Campion-Vincent, V. and Renard, J.-B. (1992) Légendes urbaines [Urban Legends]. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Campion-Vincent, V. and Renard, J.-B. (2002) De source sûre. Nouvelles rumeurs d’aujourd’hui [From Trusty Sources: New Rumours of Today]. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Carbone, M. T. (1990) 99 legende urbane [99 Urban Legends]. Milan: Mondadori.Google Scholar
Moscovici, S. (1961) La psychanalyse, son image et son public [Psychoanalysis, Its Image and Public]. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Popper, K. (1997) All Life is Problem-Solving. London/New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Reitman, W. R. (1964) ‘Heuristic Decision Procedures, Open Constraints, and the Structure of Ill-defined Problems’, in Shelly, M. W. and Bryan, G. L. (eds), Human Judgments and Optimality, pp. 282315. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
Rouquette, M. L. (1973) ‘L’analyse des problèmes mal définis’ [Analysis of ill-defined problems], in Cahiers de psychologie 16: 310.Google Scholar
Rouquette, M. L. (1989) ‘La rumeur comme résolution d’un problème mal défini’ [Rumour as solution to an ill-defined problem], Cahiers internationaux de sociologie lxxxvi: 117122.Google Scholar
Rouquette, M. L. (1995) La Créativité [Creativity], 5th edn. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.Google Scholar
Schank, R. C. and Childers, P. (1984) The Cognitive Computer: On Language, Learning and Artificial Intelligence. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Simon, H. A. (1973) ‘The Structure of Ill-Structured Problems’, Artificial Intelligence 4: 181201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar