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Mediterranean Trade Preceding the Crusades: Some Facts and Problems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2024

Shelomo D. Goitein
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Extract

Did the Crusades pave the way for the lively flow of Mediterranean trade so characteristic of the later Middle Ages? Or were the Crusades themselves made possible by the meteoric rise of international commerce in the eleventh century, which was accompanied by a similar increase in maritime trafic and naval power, subsequently providing the indispensable supply lines for the Christian warriors? If so, what do we know about the objects, scope and organization of that trade?

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 15 , Issue 59 , September 1967 , pp. 47 - 62
Copyright
Copyright © 1967 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

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References

1 Leipzig, 1885-1886. Reprint Amsterdam, 1959, 2 vols.

2 München and Berlin, 1906.

3 See the biographical survey of A. Sapori, Le Marchand italien au Moyen Age, Paris. 1952.

4 "Still another Renaissance?", American Historical Review, 57 (1959), pp. 1-21.

5 Ed. M.M. Postan, E.E. Rich and Edward Miller, Cambridge, 1963, p. 46. The statement is by R. de Roover of Brooklyn College, New York.

6 Heidelberg, 1922. There exist English, Spanish and Arabic translations, the latter two containing additional material.

7 Princeton, 1951. I could not use E. Eickhoff, Seekrieg und Seepolitik zwi schen Islam and Abendland, Berlin, 1966.

8 See S.D. Goitein, Studies in Islamic History and Institutions, Leiden, 1966, ch. xiv: "The Documents of the Cairo Geniza as a Source for Islamic Social History." Also Encycl. of Islam, second edition, s.v. Geniza.

9 See Claude Cahen, "Un texte peu connu relatif au commerce oriental de Amalfi au Xe siècle," Archivio Storico per le Province Napoletane, N.S., 34 (1953- 1954), pp. 1-8. For Där Mänak see idem, Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient, 7 (1964), p. 237. The reading Mänak is ascertained by many Geniza references.

10 The business correspondence of Ibn Awkal is in process of publication by the present writer in Tarbiz, 1967 (June, September, and December issues).

11 When a wife received what was due to her, the marriage contract was torn up. Therefore in most fragments the date is not preserved.

12 Nahray's correspondence forms the object of a Ph. D. thesis by Mr. M. Michael at the Hebrew University, Jerusalem. His banker's accounts were partly edited by me in J.E.S.H.O., 9 (1966), pp. 28-66.