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Comparative Study of the Notion of History in China, India and Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 July 2024

Hajime Nakamura
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The East has not been a cultural unit as a whole. In the East there have been several cultural areas, the most important of which must have been those centering in India and in China. Japan has a peculiar and unique significance of her own in comparison with these two.

The notion of history differs greatly according to these cultural areas. We shall discuss them one by one.

Type
Research Article
Information
Diogenes , Volume 11 , Issue 42 , June 1963 , pp. 44 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © 1963 Fédération Internationale des Sociétés de Philosophie / International Federation of Philosophical Societies (FISP)

References

1 Cf. H. Oldenberg, Aus dem alten Indien, p. 93.

2 In India, there is no uniform system of marking historical eras. Their methods of determining historical periods differ according to time and place. According to a historian, there are more than twenty ways of computing eras in India. This fact presents a great contrast to the uniform adoption in the West of the Christian era. Cf. V. A. Smith, The Early History of India, p. 20.

3 H. Oldenberg, Buddha, p. 385.

4 Cf. Pancatantra, Hitopadeśa and Buddhist Jataka tales. Jains also have what they call Jatakas.

5 H. Oldenberg, Aus dem alten Indien, p. 107.

6 Kojiro Yoshikawa, Shinajin no Koten to sono Seikatsu (The Classics of the Chinese and their Way of Life), p. 20.

7 Tanaka, Watsuji, Jugaku (translators), Girisha Seishin-no Yoso (Charac teristics of Greek Spirits), Iwanami Bunko ed., Tokyo Iwanami, p. 27.

8 Masson Oursel, La philosophie comparée, p. 19.

9 Cf. Kikuya Nagasawa, Shinagaku Nyumon-sho Ryakukai (Brief Explanation of Introduction to Sinology), p. 43 f.

10 Only Aśokavadana (in the Divyavadana) is remaining at present.

11 Daijo Tokiwa, Shina Bukkio no Kenkyu (A Study on Chinese Buddhism), vol. III, p. 76 and p. 81 f.

12 Yokyoku, Taisha.

13 Fukyo Hyakushu Kosetsu (Genchi Kato, Shinto no Shukyo Hattatsushiteki Kenkyu, p. 935).

14 Cf. Taisho, Vol. 46, p. 1c. Eun maeda: Tetsugakukan Kogiroku (Shigaku Zasshi, 1923, pp. 373-374).

15 Kaimokusho, pt. 2.

16 See: Saddharma-pundarika-sutra (ed. by Unrai Ogiwara), p. 251, 1. 25; Astasahasrika (ed. by Unrai Ogiwara), p. 51, 1. 15; p. 572, 11. 2-3; p. 666, 1. 7; etc.

17 Shobogenzo, Shoho jisso.

18 See : Taisho, Vol. 33, p. 783 b.

19 Shobogenzo, Shoji.

20 Ibid., Bussho.

21 Taisho, Vol. 12, p. 532 a; p. 533 b.

22 Shobogenzo, Bussho.

23 Shobogenzo, Uji.

24 Shobogenzo, Setsushin Setsusho.

25 Ibid., Hosso.

26 Ibid., Setsushin Setsusho.

27 Kojiki, chapter 1.

28 Jinno-Shoto-Ki.

29 Shutsujo-shogo.

30 Introduction to Genkoshakusho.