Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T05:00:28.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Individualisme, subjectivisme et mécanismes économiques*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2010

Maurice Lagueux
Affiliation:
Université de Montréal

Abstract

The economists of the Austrian School count among the most consistent supporters of methodological individualism, but they were for the most part strongly opposed to clearly anti-holist trends such as constructivism, reductionism, and positivism. This article discusses why the sort of methodological individualism defended by the Austrians could not, for interconnected reasons, be rendered compatible with any one of these philosophical trends. The manner in which the Austrians managed to reconcile their analysis of economic mechanisms with a strictly subjectivist approach is especially considered. The discussion also underscores some ambiguous dimensions of the debate between holism and individualism.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Philosophical Association 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références bibliographiques

Birnbaum, Pierre et Leca, Jean, dir. 1986 Sur l'individualisme, Paris, Presses de la fondation nationale des sciences politiques.Google Scholar
Black, Collison, Coats, A. W. et Goodwin, Craufurd, dir. 1973 The Marginal Revolution in Economics, Durham, NC, Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Block, Walter 1980 «On Robert Nozick's “On Austrian Methodology”», Inquiry, vol. 23, p. 397444.Google Scholar
Boudon, Raymond 1986 «Individualisme et holisme dans les sciences sociales», dans Birnbaum et Leca, 1986, chap. 2, p. 4559.Google Scholar
Brodbeck, May 1958 «Methodological Individualisms: Definition and Reduction», Philosophy of Science, vol. 25 (Janvier), p. 122.Google Scholar
Caldwell, Bruce, dir. 1990 Carl Menger and His Legacy in Economics (supplement annuel de History of Political Economy, no 22), Durham, Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Classen, E. M., dir. 1967 Les fondements philosophiques des systèmes économiques, textes de Jacques Rueff et essais redigés en son honneur, Paris, Payot.Google Scholar
Danto, Arthur 1968 Analytical Philosophy of History, New York, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Davis, John, Hands, Wade et Maki, Uskali, dir. 1998 The Handbook of Economic Methodology, Cheltenham, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Descartes, René 1953 Œuvres et lettres, Paris, Gallimard (la Pléiade).Google Scholar
Dostaler, Gilles et Éthier, Diane, dir. 1989 Friedrich Hayek, philosophie, économie et politique, Paris, Economica.Google Scholar
Dray, William 1967 «Holism and Individualism in History and Social Science», dans P. Edwards, dir., The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Londres, Macmillan, 1967, vol. 4, p. 5358.Google Scholar
Dumont, Louis 1977 Homo œqualis, Paris, Gallimard.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon 1985 Making Sense of Marx, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Elster, Jon 1986 «Marxisme et individualisme méthodologique», dans Birnbaum et Leca, 1986, chap. 3, p. 6076.Google Scholar
Engels, Friedrich 1979 Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der klassischen Deutschen Philosophie – Ludwig Feuerbach et la fin de la philosophic classique allemande (édition bilingue), Paris, Éditions sociales.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Adam 1992 Essai sur l'histoire de la société civile, Paris, PUF.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich 1948 Individualism and Economic Order, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich 1953 Scientisme et sciences sociales. Essai sur le mauvais usage de la raison, Paris, Plon, traduction par Raymond Barre de «Scientism and the Study of Society», paru en trois sections dans Economica en 1942, 1943 et 1944 puis comme première partie de The Counter-Revolution of Science: Studies on the Abuse of Reason, Glencoe, IL, The Free Press, 1952.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich 1967 Studies in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich 1976 The Sensory Order, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, (reprise de l'édition de 1952).Google Scholar
Hayek, Friedrich 1978 New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hebert, Robert, dir. 1993 Perspectives on the History of Economic Thought, vol. 9, Aldershot, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Hodgson, Geoffrey 1998 «Evolutionary Economics», dans Davis, Hands et Maki, 1998, p. 160167.Google Scholar
Hume, David 1970 «Of the Balance of Trade», dans D. Hume, Writings on Economics, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press, 1970, p. 6077.Google Scholar
Jaffé, William 1976 «Menger, Jevons and Walras de-homogenised», Economic Inquiry, vol. 14, no4, p. 511524.Google Scholar
Jarvie, Ian Charles 1972 Concepts and Society, Londres, Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Keynes, John Maynard 1985 Théorie générale de l'emploi, de l'intérêt et de la monnaie, trad, franç, par J. de Largentaye, Paris, Payot (reprise de l'édition de 1969).Google Scholar
Kincaid, Harold 1998 «Methodological Individualism/Atomism», dans Davis, Hands et Maki, 1998, p. 294300.Google Scholar
Kirzner, Israel M. 1962 «Rational Action and Economic Theory», Journal of Political Economy, vol. 70, p. 380385.Google Scholar
Kirzner, Israel M., dir. 1986 Subjectivism, Intelligibility and Economic Understanding, New York, New York University Press.Google Scholar
Lachmann, Ludwig M. 1969 «Methodological Individualism and the Market Economy», dans Streissler, 1969, p. 89103.Google Scholar
Lagueux, Maurice 1983 «Grandeur et misère du socialisme scientifique», Philosophiques, vol. 10, no2, p. 315340.Google Scholar
Lagueux, Maurice 1989 «Ordre spontané et darwinisme méthodologique chez Hayek», dans Dostaler et Éthier, 1989, p. 87103.Google Scholar
Lagueux, Maurice 1993 «Kirzner vs Becker: Rationality and Mechanisms in Economic Discourse», dans Hébert, 1993, p. 3750.Google Scholar
Lagueux, Maurice 1995 «L'économique: branche des mathématiques ou branche de l'histoire?», Dialogue, vol. 34, no3, p. 495519.Google Scholar
Lagueux, Maurice 1998 «Rationalité et sélection naturelle en économie», Philosophiques, vol. 25, no2, p. 163180.Google Scholar
Laurent, Alain 1994 L'individualisme méthodologique, Paris, PUF (Que sais-je?, no 2906).Google Scholar
Loasby, Brian J. 1991 «The Austrian School», dans Mair et Miller, 1991, p. 4070.Google Scholar
Mair, Douglas et Miller, Anne G. 1991 A Modern Guide to Economic Thought, An Introduction to Comparative School of Thought in Economics, Aldershot, Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Mandelbaum, Maurice 1957 «Societal Laws», The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, vol. 8, p. 211224.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl 1963 Œuvres: Économie I, Paris, Gallimard (la Pléiade).Google Scholar
Menger, Carl 1883 Untersuchungen über die Methode der Socialwissenschaften und der politischen Oekonomie insbesondere, Leipzig, Duncker & Humblot; réimpression no 18 de The Collected Works of Carl Menger, vol. 2, 1933.Google Scholar
Menger, Carl 1968 Grundsätze der Volkswirtschaftslehre, dans Gesammelte Werke, vol. 1, Tübingen, J. C. B. Mohr.Google Scholar
Mises, Ludwig von 1957 Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution, New Haven, Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Mises, Ludwig von 1976 Epistemological Problems of Economics, New York, New York University Press.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert 1977 «On Austrian Methodology», Synthese, vol. 36, p. 353392.Google Scholar
Petroni, Angelo M. 1991 «L'individualisme économique», Journal des économistes et des études humaines, vol. 2, p. 2561.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl 1956 Misère de l'historicisme, Paris, Plon.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl 1962 The Open Society and Its Enemies, vol. 2, Princeton, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Popper, Karl 1979 La société ouverte et ses ennemis, Paris, Seuil.Google Scholar
Streissler, Erich 1973 «To What Extent Was the Austrian School Marginalist?», dans Black, Coats et Goodwin, 1973, p. 160175.Google Scholar
Streissler, Erich, dir. 1969 Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek, Londres, Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Turgot, A. R. J. 1970 «Réflexions sur la formation et la distribution des richesses», dans A. R. J. Turgot, Écrits économiques, Paris, Calmann-Lévy, 1970, p. 121188.Google Scholar
Vanberg, Viktor 1986 «Spontaneous Market Order and Social Rules: A Critical Examination of F. A. Hayek's Theory of Cultural Evolution», Economics & Philosophy, vol. 2, p. 75100.Google Scholar
Watkins, J. W. N. 1953 «Ideal Types and Historical Explanation», British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, vol. 3, p. 2243.Google Scholar
Watkins, J. W. N. 1957 «Historical Explanation in the Social Sciences», British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, vol. 8 (mai), p. 104117.Google Scholar