Inflicted traumatic brain injury (ITBI) or shaken baby syndrome is recognized as a major cause of disability and death in the pediatric population. Although advances have been made in the recognition of the clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings of ITBI, less is known about the long-term outcomes of survivors. Health care providers recognize that these infants and children frequently have poor outcomes. Although an infant or child who sustains an ITBI may look well immediately after the trauma, that child may be left with serious and permanent disabilities.