Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T01:38:10.912Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Using ecological momentary assessment to enhance irritability phenotyping in a transdiagnostic sample of youth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 December 2021

Reut Naim Open the ORCID record for Reut Naim [Opens in a new window] ,
Ashley Smith ,
Amanda Chue ,
Hannah Grassie ,
Julia Linke ,
Kelly Dombek ,
Shannon Shaughnessy ,
Cheri McNeil ,
Elise Cardinale  and
Courtney Agorsor
...Show all authors
Reut Naim*
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ashley Smith
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Amanda Chue
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Hannah Grassie
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Julia Linke
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Kelly Dombek
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Shannon Shaughnessy
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Cheri McNeil
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Elise Cardinale
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Courtney Agorsor
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Sofia Cardenas
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Julia Brooks
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Anni R. Subar
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Emily L. Jones
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Quyen B. Do
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Daniel S. Pine
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Ellen Leibenluft
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Melissa A. Brotman
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Katharina Kircanski
Affiliation:
Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
*
Author for Correspondence: Reut Naim, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg. 15K, MSC 2670, Bethesda, MD20892-2670, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Irritability is a transdiagnostic symptom dimension in developmental psychopathology, closely related to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) construct of frustrative nonreward. Consistent with the RDoC framework and calls for transdiagnostic, developmentally-sensitive assessment methods, we report data from a smartphone-based, naturalistic ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study of irritability. We assessed 109 children and adolescents (Mage = 12.55 years; 75.20% male) encompassing several diagnostic groups – disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders (ANX), healthy volunteers (HV). The participants rated symptoms three times per day for 1 week. Compliance with the EMA protocol was high. As tested using multilevel modeling, EMA ratings of irritability were strongly and consistently associated with in-clinic, gold-standard measures of irritability. Further, EMA ratings of irritability were significantly related to subjective frustration during a laboratory task eliciting frustrative nonreward. Irritability levels exhibited an expected graduated pattern across diagnostic groups, and the different EMA items measuring irritability were significantly associated with one another within all groups, supporting the transdiagnostic phenomenology of irritability. Additional analyses utilized EMA ratings of anxiety as a comparison with respect to convergent validity and transdiagnostic phenomenology. The results support new measurement tools that can be used in future studies of irritability and frustrative nonreward.

Keywords

disruptive mood dysregulation disorderecological momentary assessmentfrustrative nonrewardirritabilitytransdiagnostic
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 33 , Special Issue 5: Applying RDoC-Informed Approaches to the Study of Development and Psychopathology , December 2021 , pp. 1734 - 1746
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alderson, R. M., Rapport, M. D., & Kofler, M. J. (2007). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and behavioral inhibition: A meta-analytic review of the stop-signal paradigm. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 745–758. doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9131-6Google ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edition: DSM-5. Arlington, VA: Author.Google Scholar
Amsel, A. (1958). The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations. Psychological Bulletin, 55, 102–119. doi:10.1037/h0043125Google ScholarPubMed
Avenevoli, S., Blader, J. C., & Leibenluft, E. (2015). Irritability in youth: An update. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 881–883. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.08.012Google ScholarPubMed
Babinski, D. E., & Welkie, J. (2020). Feasibility of ecological momentary assessment of negative emotion in girls with ADHD: A pilot study. Psychological Reports, 123, 1027–1043. doi:10.1177/0033294119838757CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bidargaddi, N., Schrader, G., Klasnja, P., Licinio, J., & Murphy, S. (2020). Designing m-health interventions for precision mental health support. Translational Psychiatry, 10, 222. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00895-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birmaher, B., Brent, D. A., Chiappetta, L., Bridge, J., Monga, S., & Baugher, M. (1999). Psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): A replication study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1230–1236. doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Birmaher, B., Khetarpal, S., Brent, D., Cully, M., Balach, L., Kaufman, J., & Neer, S. M. (1997). The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Scale construction and psychometric characteristics. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 545–553. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00018Google ScholarPubMed
Bradburn, N. M., Rips, L. J., & Shevell, S. K. (1987). Answering autobiographical questions: The impact of memory and inference on surveys. Science, 236, 157–161. doi:10.1126/science.3563494CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Kircanski, K., Stringaris, A., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2017). Irritability in youths: A translational model. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 520–532. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16070839Google ScholarPubMed
Brotman, M. A., Schmajuk, M., Rich, B. A., Dickstein, D. P., Guyer, A. E., Costello, E. J., … Leibenluft, E. (2006). Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 991–997. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.08.042Google ScholarPubMed
Burokas, A., Gutierrez-Cuesta, J., Martin-Garcia, E., & Maldonado, R. (2012). Operant model of frustrated expected reward in mice. Addiction Biology, 17, 770–782. doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2011.00423.xGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buzzell, G. A., Troller-Renfree, S. V., Barker, T. V., Bowman, L. C., Chronis-Tuscano, A., Henderson, H. A., … Fox, N. A. (2017). A neurobehavioral mechanism linking behaviorally inhibited temperament and later adolescent social anxiety. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 56, 1097–1105. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.10.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cardinale, E. M., Freitag, G. F., Brotman, M. A., Pine, D. S., Leibenluft, E., & Kircanski, K. (2021). Phasic versus tonic irritability: Differential associations with ADHD symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2020.11.022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cardinale, E. M., Subar, A. R., Brotman, M. A., Leibenluft, E., Kircanski, K., & Pine, D. S. (2019). Inhibitory control and emotion dysregulation: A framework for research on anxiety. Development and Psychopathology, 31, 859–869. doi:10.1017/S0954579419000300Google ScholarPubMed
Chaspari, T., Goodwin, M., Wilder-Smith, O., Gulsrud, A., Mucchetti, C. A., Kasari, C., … Narayanan, S. (2014). A non-homogeneous Poisson process model of skin conductance responses integrated with observed regulatory behaviors for autism intervention. In 2014 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing (ICASSP). pp. 1630-1634. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.Google Scholar
Comer, J. S., Pincus, D. B., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Generalized anxiety disorder and the proposed associated symptoms criterion change for DSM-5 in a treatment-seeking sample of anxious youth. Depression & Anxiety, 29, 994–1003. doi:10.1002/da.21999CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Copeland, W. E., Angold, A., Costello, E. J., & Egger, H. (2013). Prevalence, comorbidity, and correlates of DSM-5 proposed disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 173–179. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010132CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cornacchio, D., Crum, K. I., Coxe, S., Pincus, D. B., & Comer, J. S. (2016). Irritability and severity of anxious symptomatology among youth with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 54–61. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.10.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DeSousa, D. A., Stringaris, A., Leibenluft, E., Koller, S. H., Manfro, G. G., & Salum, G. A. (2013). Cross-cultural adaptation and preliminary psychometric properties of the affective reactivity index in Brazilian youth: Implications for DSM-5 measured irritability. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 35, 171–180. doi:10.1590/s2237-60892013000300004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deveney, C. M., Connolly, M. E., Haring, C. T., Bones, B. L., Reynolds, R. C., Kim, P., … Leibenluft, E. (2013). Neural mechanisms of frustration in chronically irritable children. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170, 1186–1194. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12070917CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fletcher, R. R., Dobson, K., Goodwin, M. S., Eydgahi, H., Wilder-Smith, O., Fernholz, D., … Picard, R. W. (2010). Icalm: Wearable sensor and network architecture for wirelessly communicating and logging autonomic activity. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 14, 215–223. doi:10.1109/TITB.2009.2038692Google ScholarPubMed
Flores, L. E. Jr., Eckstrand, K. L., Silk, J. S., Allen, N. B., Ambrosia, M., Healey, K. L., & Forbes, E. E. (2018). Adolescents’ neural response to social reward and real-world emotional closeness and positive affect. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 18, 705–717. doi:10.3758/s13415-018-0598-0CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Freeman, A. J., Youngstrom, E. A., Youngstrom, J. K., & Findling, R. L. (2016). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in a community mental health clinic: Prevalence, comorbidity and correlates. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 26, 123–130. doi:10.1089/cap.2015.0061Google Scholar
Gershon, A., Kaufmann, C. N., Torous, J., Depp, C., & Ketter, T. A. (2019). Electronic ecological momentary assessment (EMA) in youth with bipolar disorder: Demographic and clinical predictors of electronic EMA adherence. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 116, 14–18. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.05.026CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gisbert, L., Vilar, L., Rovira, P., Sanchez-Mora, C., Pagerols, M., Garcia-Martinez, I., … Ribases, M. (2019). Genome-wide analysis of emotional lability in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). European Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 795–802. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.04.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., Kearns, J. C., Santee, A. C., Esposito, E. C., Conwell, Y., & Alpert-Gillis, L. J. (2020). Feasibility and acceptability of ecological momentary assessment with high-risk suicidal adolescents following acute psychiatric care. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 1–17. doi:10.1080/15374416.2020.1741377Google ScholarPubMed
Grabell, A. S., Li, Y., Barker, J. W., Wakschlag, L. S., Huppert, T. J., & Perlman, S. B. (2018). Evidence of non-linear associations between frustration-related prefrontal Cortex activation and the normal:abnormal spectrum of irritability in young children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 46, 137–147. doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0286-5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haller, S., Kircanski, K., Stringaris, A., Clayton, M., Bui, H., Agorsor, C., … Brotman, M. A. (2020). The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index: Validity and reliability of a clinician-rated assessment of irritability. Behavior Therapy, 51, 283–293. doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haller, S., Stoddard, J., Pagliaccio, D., Bui, H., McGillivrary, C., & Brotman, M. (2020). Computational modeling of attentional impairments in disruptive mood dysregulation and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 87, S155–S156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, J. L., Chand, S., Reinhardt, L., Ladouceur, C. D., Silk, J. S., Moreno, M., … Bylsma, L. M. (2020). Social media use predicts later sleep timing and greater sleep variability: An ecological momentary assessment study of youth at high and low familial risk for depression. Journal of Adolescence, 83, 122–130. doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.009CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hommer, R. E., Meyer, A., Stoddard, J., Connolly, M. E., Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., … Brotman, M. A. (2014). Attention bias to threat faces in severe mood dysregulation. Depression & Anxiety, 31, 559–565. doi:10.1002/da.22145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., … Wang, P. (2010). Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Toward a new classification framework for research on mental disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 748–751. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379Google Scholar
Karalunas, S. L., Gustafsson, H. C., Fair, D., Musser, E. D., & Nigg, J. T. (2019). Do we need an irritable subtype of ADHD? Replication and extension of a promising temperament profile approach to ADHD subtyping. Psychological Assessment, 31, 236–247. doi:10.1037/pas0000664CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaufman, J., Birmaher, B., Brent, D., Rao, U., Flynn, C., Moreci, P., … Ryan, N. (1997). Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): Initial reliability and validity data. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 980–988. doi:10.1097/00004583-199707000-00021Google ScholarPubMed
Kircanski, K., Craske, M. G., Averbeck, B. B., Pine, D. S., Leibenluft, E., & Brotman, M. A. (2019). Exposure therapy for pediatric irritability: Theory and potential mechanisms. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 118, 141–149. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.007Google ScholarPubMed
Kircanski, K., White, L. K., Tseng, W. L., Wiggins, J. L., Frank, H. R., Sequeira, S., … Brotman, M. A. (2018). A latent variable approach to differentiating neural mechanisms of irritability and anxiety in youth. JAMA Psychiatry, 75, 631–639. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.0468Google ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E. (2011). Severe mood dysregulation, irritability, and the diagnostic boundaries of bipolar disorder in youths. American Journal of Psychiatry, 168, 129–142. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10050766CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leibenluft, E. (2017). Pediatric irritability: A systems neuroscience approach. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21, 277–289. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.02.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindgren, S., & Koeppl, G. (1987). Assessing child behavior problems in a medical setting: Development of the pediatric behavior scale. In Prinz, R. (Ed.), Advances in behavioral assessment of children and families (Vol. 3, pp. 57–99). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.Google Scholar
Lipszyc, J., & Schachar, R. (2010). Inhibitory control and psychopathology: A meta-analysis of studies using the Stop Signal Task. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 16, 1064–1076. doi:10.1017/S1355617710000895CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Logan, G. D., Cowan, W. B., & Davis, K. A. (1984). On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A model and a method. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10, 276–291. doi:10.1037//0096-1523.10.2.276Google Scholar
Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science, 8, 60–64. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00545.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyers, E., DeSerisy, M., & Roy, A. K. (2017). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD): An RDoC perspective. Journal of Affective Disorders, 216, 117–122. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, A. A., Lapato, D. M., Brotman, M. A., Leibenluft, E., Aggen, S. H., Hettema, J. M., … Roberson-Nay, R. (2019). Heritability, stability, and prevalence of tonic and phasic irritability as indicators of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60, 1032–1041. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13062Google ScholarPubMed
Mulraney, M., Melvin, G. A., & Tonge, B. J. (2014). Psychometric properties of the affective reactivity index in Australian adults and adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 26, 148–155. doi:10.1037/a0034891CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mulraney, M., Schilpzand, E. J., Hazell, P., Nicholson, J. M., Anderson, V., Efron, D., … Sciberras, E. (2016). Comorbidity and correlates of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in 6-8-year-old children with ADHD. European Child + Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 321–330. doi:10.1007/s00787-015-0738-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myin-Germeys, I., Oorschot, M., Collip, D., Lataster, J., Delespaul, P., & van Os, J. (2009). Experience sampling research in psychopathology: Opening the black box of daily life. Psychological Medicine, 39, 1533–1547. doi:10.1017/S0033291708004947CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nahum-Shani, I., Hekler, E. B., & Spruijt-Metz, D. (2015). Building health behavior models to guide the development of just-in-time adaptive interventions: A pragmatic framework. Health Psychology, 34S, 1209–1219. doi:10.1037/hea0000306CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nahum-Shani, I., Smith, S. N., Spring, B. J., Collins, L. M., Witkiewitz, K., Tewari, A., & Murphy, S. A. (2018). Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) in mobile health: Key components and design principles for ongoing health behavior support. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 52, 446–462. doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9830-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nigg, J. T. (2017). Annual research review: On the relations among self-regulation, self-control, executive functioning, effortful control, cognitive control, impulsivity, risk-taking, and inhibition for developmental psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58, 361–383. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12675CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Odgers, C. L., & Russell, M. A. (2017). Violence exposure is associated with adolescents’ same- and next-day mental health symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58, 1310–1318. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12763CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oppenheimer, C. W., Silk, J. S., Lee, K. H., Dahl, R. E., Forbes, E., Ryan, N., & Ladouceur, C. D. (2020). Suicidal ideation among anxious youth: A preliminary investigation of the role of neural processing of social rejection in interaction with real world negative social experiences. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51, 163–173. doi:10.1007/s10578-019-00920-6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orri, M., Perret, L. C., Turecki, G., & Geoffroy, M. C. (2018). Association between irritability and suicide-related outcomes across the life-course. Systematic review of both community and clinical studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 239, 220–233. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.07.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pan, P. Y., & Yeh, C. B. (2019). Irritability and maladaptation Among children: The utility of Chinese versions of the Affective Reactivity Index and Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability subscale. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, 29, 213–219. doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0070CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perlis, R. H., Fraguas, R., Fava, M., Trivedi, M. H., Luther, J. F., Wisniewski, S. R., & Rush, A. J. (2005). Prevalence and clinical correlates of irritability in major depressive disorder: A preliminary report from the sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 66, 159–166. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705000CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perlman, S. B., Jones, B. M., Wakschlag, L. S., Axelson, D., Birmaher, B., & Phillips, M. L. (2015). Neural substrates of child irritability in typically developing and psychiatric populations. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.07.003CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Price, R. B., Allen, K. B., Silk, J. S., Ladouceur, C. D., Ryan, N. D., Dahl, R. E., … Siegle, G. J. (2016). Vigilance in the laboratory predicts avoidance in the real world: A dimensional analysis of neural, behavioral, and ecological momentary data in anxious youth. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 19, 128–136. doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2016.03.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y. F., & Congdon, R. (2019). HLM 8 for Windows. Skokie, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.Google Scholar
Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology Anxiety Study Group. (2002). The Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS): Development and psychometric properties. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 1061–1069. doi:10.1097/00004583-200209000-00006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rich, B. A., Carver, F. W., Holroyd, T., Rosen, H. R., Mendoza, J. K., Cornwell, B. R., … Leibenluft, E. (2011). Different neural pathways to negative affect in youth with pediatric bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 45, 1283–1294. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.04.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rich, B. A., Schmajuk, M., Perez-Edgar, K. E., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2007). Different psychophysiological and behavioral responses elicited by frustration in pediatric bipolar disorder and severe mood dysregulation. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164, 309–317. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.2.309CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodríguez-Blanco, L., Carballo, J. J., de León, S., & Baca-García, E. (2020). User profiles of electronic ecological momentary assessment in outpatient child and adolescent mental health services. Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (Engl Ed). May 20:S1888-9891(20)30025-2. English, Spanish. doi:10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.04.001. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32446867.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, M. A., & Gajos, J. M. (2020). Annual research review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61, 376–394. doi:10.1111/jcpp.13204CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Savage, J., Verhulst, B., Copeland, W., Althoff, R. R., Lichtenstein, P., & Roberson-Nay, R. (2015). A genetically informed study of the longitudinal relation between irritability and anxious/depressed symptoms. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 377–384. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2015.02.010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scheinost, D., Dadashkarimi, J., Finn, E. S., Wambach, C. G., MacGillivray, C., Roule, A. L., … Tseng, W. L. (2021). Functional connectivity during frustration: A preliminary study of predictive modeling of irritability in youth. Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(7), 1300–1306. doi:10.1038/s41386-020-00954-8. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ck8h8sxCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shaw, P., Stringaris, A., Nigg, J., & Leibenluft, E. (2014). Emotion dysregulation in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 276–293. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13070966CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silk, J. S., Stroud, L. R., Siegle, G. J., Dahl, R. E., Lee, K. H., & Nelson, E. E. (2012). Peer acceptance and rejection through the eyes of youth: Pupillary, eyetracking and ecological data from the chatroom interact task. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 93–105. doi:10.1093/scan/nsr044CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slaughter, K. E., Leaberry, K. D., Fogleman, N. D., & Rosen, P. J. (2020). Reactive and proactive aggression in children with and without ADHD and negative emotional lability. Social Development, 29, 320–338. doi:10.1111/sode.12402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, A. R., Kircanski, K., Brotman, M. A., Do, Q. B., Subar, A. R., Silk, J. S., … Pine, D. S. (2019). Advancing clinical neuroscience through enhanced tools: Pediatric social anxiety as an example. Depression & Anxiety, 36, 701–711. doi:10.1002/da.22937CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snijders, T. A. B., & Bosker, R. J. (2012). Multilevel analysis: An introduction to basic and advanced multilevel modeling (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Stoddard, J., Stringaris, A., Brotman, M. A., Montville, D., Pine, D. S., & Leibenluft, E. (2014). Irritability in child and adolescent anxiety disorders. Depression & Anxiety, 31, 566–573. doi:10.1002/da.22151CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoddard, J., Tseng, W. L., Kim, P., Chen, G., Yi, J., Donahue, L., … Leibenluft, E. (2017). Association of irritability and anxiety with the neural mechanisms of implicit face emotion processing in youths with psychopathology. JAMA Psychiatry, 74, 95–103. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3282CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Goodman, R., Ferdinando, S., Razdan, V., Muhrer, E., Leibenluft, E., & Brotman, M. A. (2012). The Affective Reactivity Index: A concise irritability scale for clinical and research settings. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 53, 1109–1117. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02561.xGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Vidal-Ribas, P., Brotman, M. A., & Leibenluft, E. (2018). Practitioner review: Definition, recognition, and treatment challenges of irritability in young people. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59, 721–739. doi:10.1111/jcpp.12823CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stringaris, A., Zavos, H., Leibenluft, E., Maughan, B., & Eley, T. C. (2012). Adolescent irritability: Phenotypic associations and genetic links with depressed mood. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 47–54. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10101549CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tseng, W. L., Deveney, C. M., Stoddard, J., Kircanski, K., Frackman, A. E., Yi, J. Y., … Leibenluft, E. (2019). Brain mechanisms of attention orienting following frustration: Associations with irritability and age in youths. American Journal of Psychiatry, 176, 67–76. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040491CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Verbruggen, F., Logan, G. D., Liefooghe, B., & Vandierendonck, A. (2008). Short-term aftereffects of response inhibition: Repetition priming or between-trial control adjustments? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 34, 413–426. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.2.413Google ScholarPubMed
Vidal-Ribas, P., Brotman, M. A., Valdivieso, I., Leibenluft, E., & Stringaris, A. (2016). The status of irritability in psychiatry: A conceptual and quantitative review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55, 556–570. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.04.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wakschlag, L. S., Briggs-Gowan, M. J., Choi, S. W., Nichols, S. R., Kestler, J., Burns, J. L., … Henry, D. (2014). Advancing a multidimensional, developmental spectrum approach to preschool disruptive behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53, 82–96 e83. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.10.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wechsler, D. (1999). Manual for the Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale (WASI). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Wen, C K F, Schneider, S, Stone, A A, & Spruijt-Metz, D. (2017). Compliance With Mobile Ecological Momentary Assessment Protocols in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Internet Res, 19 (4), e132. doi: 10.2196/jmir.6641. PMID: 28446418; PMCID: PMC5425774.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Naim et al. supplementary material

Naim et al. supplementary material

Download Naim et al. supplementary material(File)
File 34.1 KB