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Symptoms of major depressive disorder subsequent to child maltreatment: Examining change across multiple levels of analysis to identify transdiagnostic risk pathways

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 November 2015

Chad E. Shenk ,
Amanda M. Griffin  and
Kieran J. O'Donnell
Chad E. Shenk*
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center
Amanda M. Griffin
Affiliation:
Pennsylvania State University
Kieran J. O'Donnell
Affiliation:
McGill University
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Chad E. Shenk, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, 230 Health and Human Development Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; E-mail: [email protected].
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Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition in the child maltreatment population. However, not all children who have been maltreated will develop MDD or MDD symptoms, suggesting the presence of unique risk pathways that explain how certain children develop MDD symptoms when others do not. The current study tested several candidate risk pathways to MDD symptoms following child maltreatment: neuroendocrine, autonomic, affective, and emotion regulation. Female adolescents (N = 110; age range = 14–19) were recruited into a substantiated child maltreatment or comparison condition and completed a laboratory stressor, saliva samples, and measures of emotion regulation, negative affect, and MDD symptoms. MDD symptoms were reassessed 18 months later. Mediational modeling revealed that emotion regulation was the only significant indirect effect of the relationship between child maltreatment and subsequent MDD symptoms, demonstrating that children exposed to maltreatment had greater difficulties managing affective states that in turn led to more severe MDD symptoms. These results highlight the importance of emotion dysregulation as a central risk pathway to MDD following child maltreatment. Areas of future research and implications for optimizing prevention and clinical intervention through the direct targeting of transdiagnostic risk pathways are discussed.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 27 , Special Issue 4pt2: Multilevel Developmental Perspectives on Child Maltreatment , November 2015 , pp. 1503 - 1514
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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