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Schizophrenia and the normal functional development of the prefrontal cortex

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 October 2008

Nancy A. Breslin  and
Daniel R. Weinberger
Nancy A. Breslin
Affiliation:
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institutes of Mental HealthIntramural Research Program
Daniel R. Weinberger
Affiliation:
Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, National Institutes of Mental HealthIntramural Research Program
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Abstract

Schizophrenia is being increasingly viewed as a neurodevelopmental disorder, that is, one in which early, fixed pathology becomes manifest clinically during the normal course of maturation of the brain. Evidence for this position comes first from neuroimaging research, such as (1) studies that demonstrate morphologic brain changes (such as ventriculomegaly on CT scans) even in first break patients; and (2) a lack of correlation between these morphologic changes and duration of illness. Another source of evidence is studies of normal brain development in rodents and primates, including research that shows (1) the prefrontal cortex is a late maturing part of the brain, and (2) lesions of the prefrontal cortex may be initially silent and show delayed onset of dysfunction as the brain matures. A neurodevelopmental approach to schizophrenia, in turn, has stimulated further work into the normal development of brain regions implicated in the illness, such as the frontal cortex. Thus, the fields of neuropsychiatry and neurodevelopment have been mutually stimulated during the course of this work. In addition, viewing schizophrenia in developmental terms may have implications for the understanding of changes in cognition and behavior during normal adolescence.

Type
Research Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , October 1990 , pp. 409 - 424
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

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